26. Sociology is different from history because history studies important events and incidents of the past while sociology studies the interrelated ways of trying to understand human behavior and account for it. However, both sciences are inter-related closely and as well depend on each other. For instance, history provides sociologists with the knowledge to study the understanding of human behavior. Similarly, historians’ benefits from research done by sociologists, thus, sociology acts as the background to study history. Moreover, both history and sociology study same society of humans (Weber, 1993).
27. The concept of “anomie” which means without law is an outcome of transition and is a situation experienced in times of social insecurity such as economic downturn or upturn or war in a country, in which a society lacks firm collective realization support. It weakens collective norms of the society and encourages isolation because people tend to be interdependent in task accomplishment (Griffiths, Keirns & Strayer, 2015)
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28. Marx explains alienation as a concept of a modern society which a person is isolated from his or her work, sense of self or community. It means that an individual lacks control over the life that he or she lives. For instance, alienation from one’s labor process in which a person working in a certain company, cannot decide to change the rules of doing work in that business because no room for change is given. The owners’ of the firm decides and then dictate the orders to the workers (Griffiths, Keirns & Strayer, 2015).
29. According to McIntyre (2013), cultural deviance theory, strain theory and social disorganization theory are the three theories which symbolize functionalist perspective in the society. McIntyre (2013) asserts that deviance is an essential part of society deemed successful. It helps in challenging present views of people.
30. The steps of scientific research involve defining a specific question for research, conducting a literature review, forming a hypothesis, conduct a study through data collection, analyzing the data collected then drafting conclusions and finally, publishing the results (Griffiths, Keirns & Strayer, 2015 ). It is important for sociologists to use a scientific method to guide their research because it helps them to maintain as much focus, consistency and objectivity as possible in a specific study (Tichenor, 1999). Additionally, the scientific method has been proven to be effective in shaping sociological studies. As such, the technique gives an organized and systematic series that assists in ensuring consistency and reliability in investigating social problems thus provides a way of validity, reliability and accuracy. As a result, the method gives a shared platform for discussion and analysis (Griffiths, Keirns & Strayer, 2015).
31. Labor Day in America is a day dedicated to celebrating workers of America for the contributions they make towards prospering, strengthening and general well-being of the country. The celebrations come on the first Monday in September every year. It came as a result of a strike by the central labor unions demanding for a holiday and appreciation day for the trade, labor organizations and workers of America. This event brings people together as a way of celebration and symbol of national unity and a sense of recognition.
The theory of symbolic interactionism focuses the primary structure of society in the elements of power, status, and class. Noneconomic factors such as religion, education, and kinship, forms the basis of status, while influence over ideas or individuals power determines both class and status. As such, the ideas build the base of the society. On the other hand, functionalism theory explains the interconnectivity of all societal elements. Emile Durkheim believes that society becomes greater than its parts summed together. He asserts that collective behavior is different from individual action. He believes in collective conscience, which is community attitudes, beliefs and morals; and social integration as a significant factor in social life (Griffiths, Keirns & Strayer, 2015). Both theories of functionalism and symbolic interaction helps explains the essence of phenomenon such as Labor Day to the society. Both forms the base of society and acts as a factor in social life.
References
Griffiths, H., Keirns, N., & Strayer, E. (2015). OpenStax CNX . Cnx.org . Retrieved November 21, 2017, from https://cnx.org/contents/AgQDEnLI@7.28:TrIRM88K@5/Introduction-to-Sociology
McIntyre, L. (2013). The practical skeptic: Core concepts in sociology. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Tichenor, V. J. (1999). The Practical Skeptic: Core Concepts in Sociology/The Practical Skeptic: Readings in Sociology. Teaching Sociology , 27(3), 301.
Weber, M. (1993). Basic concepts in sociology. Citadel Press.
