The human heart is a vital part of the circulatory system which pumps the blood throughout the body. The nervous system is responsible for regulating heart rate and heart rhythm. The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system achieve this by sending signals to the heart. During times of stress, the sympathetic nervous system is triggered and sends signals to increase the heart rate. During periods of rest, the parasympathetic nervous system sends signals to decrease the heart rate. The cardiac electrical system or the electrical impulse is measured by placing electrodes on the patient’s chest. Arrhythmia can be defined as the problem with the rate or rhythm of the heart.
If the heart rate is too fast or too slow or the structure and functioning of the heart are irregular due to problems in the heart’s electrical system, then, a pacemaker may be placed in the patient’s body (Qamar, 2015). A pacemaker is an electrical device that helps the heart to maintain a normal rhythm. The following is the procedure used in inserting a pacemaker in a patient’s body. First, an anesthetic is administered to numb the area before an incision is made in the chest area where the device and the leads are inserted. The lead is then escorted to the heart using a fluoroscopy machine. One end of the lead is then attached to the heart muscle and the other to the pulse generator set in a pocket under the skin in the chest area (Kohl and Sachs, 2014). The endocardial approach is frequently used in implanting the pacemaker on patients.
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Environmental conditions and genetic predisposition are the condition’s risk factors. Herat diseases are the most common causes of arrhythmias. Other causes of arrhythmias include; cigarettes, alcohol/ drug abuse, stress, certain medications, and genetics.
References
Kohl, P., & Sachs, F. (2014). Cardiac Mechano-Electric Coupling and Arrhythmias (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Qamar, A. (2015). Arrhythmias and Pacemakers. Critical Care Medicine , 27 (7). https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199907000-00056
