The nervous system is divided into two main components, that is, the peripheral nervous system comprising of nerve receptor endings, peripheral nerves, as well as ganglia scattered all over the body, and the central nervous system that comprise of the spinal cord and the brain. The key nervous system function is delivered by neurons, which come in different sizes and shapes (Tam et al., 2014). One of its components is the cell body, which contains the nucleus as well as cytoplasm having organelles. Even though merely a minority of impulses reaches straight to the cell body, the cell body is amenable to input. Another component is dendrites, which contain several organelles and numerous neurofilaments, and they receive nearly all the input. Axon is also a component, and the majority of neurons contain a sole axon, although some may have two or more (Louveau et al., 2015). Axons have neurofilaments and organelles, and some axons are enclosed in a myelin sheath.
What is more, there are a range of cells that support the function of the neuron. To begin with, astrocytes cells are found in the brain and have a tiny, round nucleus and numerous exceedingly thin processes which shoot from them. These processes outspread between neurons. The astrocytes cytoplasm comprises intermediary filaments which are made up of glial fibrillary acidic protein which helps to ascertain these cells. Moreover, oligodendroglia cells are tiny round cells which are most conspicuous in the white matter, and they make the myelin which covers axons of myelinated neurons of the central nervous system (Nieuwenhuys, Hans & Nicholson, 2014). What is more, microglia cells are not many; nevertheless, when an injury happens, they become more plentiful. Lastly, Schwann cells deliver the myelin which surrounds the neurons in the peripheral nervous system.
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References
Louveau, A., Smirnov, I., Keyes, T. J., Eccles, J. D., Rouhani, S. J., Peske, J. D., ... & Harris, T. H. (2015). Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels. Nature , 523 (7560), 337.
Nieuwenhuys, R., Hans, J., & Nicholson, C. (2014). The central nervous system of vertebrates . Springer.
Tam, R. Y., Fuehrmann, T., Mitrousis, N., & Shoichet, M. S. (2014). Regenerative therapies for central nervous system diseases: a biomaterials approach. Neuropsychopharmacology , 39 (1), 169.
