The nursing field is one that has experienced tremendous transformation in the practice and scope. This has occurred in the past century ever since it's conception. The change has occurred due to the founding of nursing theories and models. The conceptualization has made nursing to be recognized as a professional practice and educational course. This growth is highly attributed to the fact that nursing theories have taken a center stage to guide the practice. The model-based practice has been developed by finding out what is known and making recommendations about can be further implemented, or the type of skill necessary for the improvement of the field as a whole. Nursing theorists have created avenues for education and scientific research to support evidence-based practice (McEwen & Willis, 2014). They offer a framework for the care delivery and direction of nursing. The modules help in the recognition, diagnosis, and solution of the challenges facing healthcare. This paper will focus on the Person-Centered Nursing Framework.
A person-centered nursing model is an approach that describes the establishment of practice through the formation and enhancement of healthful relationships between the care providers and the patients, and any other party that is engaged with the lives of the consumer of healthcare services. Developed by McCormack and McCance (2011), the framework was derived from the previous empirical research which emphasizes the person-centered care dealing with old people and the experience of nursing. The values that underpin the concept includes the respect for another person, the individual right of self-determination, mutual understanding and respect. The authors wrote the theory based on several constructs that has been used in practice today.
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First, there are prerequisites, a construct that focuses on the characteristics of the nurse. According to this, the practitioner should be professionally competent (McCormack & McCance, 2011). This means that they have to undergo formal education that involve college. The competence helps them solve the workplace issues that may lead to conflicting interests. The theory has been also applied through the design of supportive organizational systems that work for both the nurse and the patient. The nurse should also have interpersonal skills. The competency should aid the nurse to be committed to the job. The nurse should also be able to work by showing the knowledge of self as well as demonstrating the clarity of beliefs and values. The second construct is the care environment. In this, there is a focus on the context in which the care is delivered. This includes several elements including the potential for innovation, sharing of power between the patient and the nurse, organizing systems that are supportive to the wellbeing and enhancement of health, effective relationships between the staff, systems that enable shared decision-making and risk-taking and using an appropriate mix of skills.
Thirdly, the theory has used the construct of the person-centered process that focuses on care delivery through the inclusion of several activities. These processes are sharing decision-making, having a sympathetic presence, engagement, working with the patient through their values and beliefs to enhance well-being, and offering processes to meet the physical needs (McCormack & McCance, 2011). Finally, the theory makes use of the outcomes construct. This is the central focus of the framework. The results of the person-centered nursing are the major component of measuring its effectiveness. The outcome component can be indicated by several attributes that are reported by the patient. These include involvement in the care process, the creation of a therapeutic environment, the feeling of well-being, and satisfaction with the interventions of the practitioners.
In nursing, there are four major paradigms that define the practice. These are human, environment, nursing, and health. This is also true for the patient-centered nursing framework. The theory believes that the purpose of the nurse is to work in collaboration with the person to enhance wellbeing. McCormack and McCance describe the metaparadigms as follows.
Nursing
According to the authors, the process of nursing involves the caring actions that are responsive to the needs of the patient and which should result in positive improvements. Nursing should be in regards to the therapeutic interventions that lead to the positive outcomes of both the patient and the nurse.
Human
According to the authors, the person in the framework involves anyone whose values and beliefs are supposed to be met by the interventions. The theorists believe that human is described by various attributes including the values they consider to be important, the beliefs, emotional relationships, and the kind of life they want to live. All these bring the basis of the care practice.
Environment
This is the context that the care practice should be delivered. It includes all the factors that nursing care provides to enhance the recovery or promotion of health to the patient. It is the condition that the nursing staff enables the patient to take part in the decision involving their life.
Health
Health is the outcomes that are required for the person to be considered well. The concept of health is relative to the individual and is defined in accordance with the perspective of the person.
The PCN framework is applicable to the advanced nursing practice and the furthering of education (McCormack & McCance, 2011). As an MSN student, it is this framework that helps in the development of competencies. The theory can be used to include family nurse practitioner. In this role, there will be prerequisites of having competencies to include the patient and the family in designing the best therapeutic intervention. For instance, when tending to a family of a different culture and ethnicity, an FNP can apply the cultural competency skill to ensure that the patient is engaged in the decision process (Santana et al., 2017). The FNP cannot apply the same concepts that are applied to any other case. For instance, a Chinese patient will require different interventions as compared to the requirements of a Caucasian one (Manley et al., 2011). When a nurse is the latter, they will need to engage the person to design the best interventions that enhance their well-being.
In conclusion, a person-centered nursing model is an approach that describes the establishment of practice through the formation and enhancement of healthful relationships between the care providers and the patients, and any other party that is engaged with the lives of the consumer of healthcare services. The values that underpin the concept includes the respect for another person, the individual right of self-determination, mutual understanding and respect. This theory is can be used in the advanced practice role of FNP in managing the care of a person with a different ethnicity.
References
Santana , M. J., Manalili, K., Jolley, R. J., Zelinsky, S., Quan, H., & Lu, M. (2017, September 30). How to practice person-centred care: A conceptual framework. Health Expectations, 429-440. http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/hex.12640
McCormack, B., & McCance, T. (2011). Person-centred nursing: theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons.
Manley, K., Hills, V., & Marriot, S. (2011). Person-centred care: Principle of Nursing Practice D. Nursing Standard, 25(31).
McEwen, M., & Willis, E. M. (2014). Theoretical Basis for Nursing (4 ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
