By defining efficiency as an effective operation valued in terms of comparison of production with cost, the Merriam-Webster dictionary has implied that effectiveness and efficiency are linked together. I agree that effectiveness and efficiency are directly proportional: an increase in efficiency results in a progressive increase in effectiveness up to a point where limiting factor is encountered.
Researchers use the terms together demonstrating their connection and interdependence (Al-Amin, Makarem & Rosko, 2016). Kim (2013) defines effectiveness as the assessment of whether an intervention results in more good than harm when provided under normal circumstances. The connotative meaning of this definition is that effectiveness is equated to good or by extension results. The principle of efficiency relates to the maximization of output in relation to the input. The act of maximizing is dependent upon processes and not the result. The result is the output, but something must be done in between the input and the output to improve the efficiency. Therefore, efficiency results in effectiveness as will be demonstrated by the following example.
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Gale, Donovan, Tinti, and Ahmed (2017) provided an example of a health facility admitting accident casualties. For the hospital to operate effectively that is smooth without any further delay and each patient having optimum care, the systems in place must operate efficiently. The provision of services to the injured is the product of efficiency. Efficiency is determined by operational factors including human resource, non-human resources at the facility such as medication and beddings. If the facility has one clinical officer required to attend to 10 emergencies, he or she will be overloaded, and the process will be inefficient and subsequently ineffective (lacking desirable products or results). Therefore, the two cannot be separated since one influences the other.
References
Al-Amin, M., Makarem, S. C., & Rosko, M. (2016). Efficiency and hospital effectiveness in improving Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems ratings. Health Care Management Review, 41 (4), 296-305.
Gale, S. C., Donovan, C. M., Tinti, M., Ahmed, H., & Gracias, V. H. (2017). Organization and operations management at the health care facility. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 69 (1), S29-S35.
Kim, S. Y. (2013). Efficacy versus effectiveness. Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 34 (4), 227-227.
