Developing countries offer particular conditions which are not present in other first-class nations. Researchers bases their studies on these countries to obtain real-time information. The primary challenge is the issue of human rights and ethical values entitled to these subjects. Investigators are responsible for all participants involved in the trials. Their objectives are considered secondary to the wellbeing of the participants. These rules require considerable interpretation. These key issues are examined in the journal Ethical complexities of conducting research in developing countries by Varmus & Satcher and The ethics of clinical research in the Third World by Marcia Angell.
Analysis
The main topic is on the ethics of randomized trials. Marcia starts by making an argument that; when comparing two treatments, there is no reason for thinking that one is more effective as compared to the other. Although most researchers hope that the new treatment will yield better results, there is no substantial evidence. The author uses an example of the Tuskegee Study to point out some of the ethical problems that may arise during research (Angell, 1997). They include denying the subjects best-known treatment, lack of informed consent, and furthering the research even after a solution is available. The use of available data and information from previous studies is essential, especially when explaining the benefits of upholding subject rights. When expounding on the topic, the author assumes that all trials are randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blind. An excellent scientific report observes ethical requirements. Those in the research sector should redouble their commitment to upholding these policies.
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Varmus focuses on some of the challenges experienced during medical research. Most of the third world nations are associated with high poverty levels, killer diseases and unstable healthcare systems. These problems have an effect on the ease of performing experiments and the selection of trials. The main ethical concern is whether it is right to test interventions against a placebo control when an effective intervention is already in use elsewhere. The response to this question is that there is no risk extended beyond the placebo group. Additionally, the process provides quick answers while involving a few subjects. According to Varmus & Satcher (1997), past studies address the continued need for researchers to ensure ethical practice. The article assumes that every study aims to advance one's skills and knowledge and that the principles of research apply to all subjects irrespective of gender. When dealing with third world nations, it is essential to understand the local factors that support or hinder research.
The two authors also focus on the principles of research. According to Varmus & Satcher (1997), there has been a debate shift from the issue of beneficence which focuses on burdens of participation to justice which is more about equitable access to trials. Additionally, researchers are now observing the right to exercise autonomy by ensuring that both men and women benefit from research. Contrary, Angel notes that these principles are partly honored. Angell also notes that most of the research done in developing nations cannot be done in the first class countries. As A result, people are conducting clinical research for business purposes. She, therefore, urges those in the research field to observe the ethical standards that apply in all situations.
Conclusion
The ethical issues concerning research in third world nations are complex. It is a healthy sign that some researchers are focusing on the problems involved as a way of advancing their skills and knowledge. All study programs should portray an understanding of the nature of science and the primary factors that affect research. It is also important to weigh on the expected benefits of each trial.
References
Angell, M. (1997). The ethics of clinical research in the Third World. New England journal of medicine , 337 (12), 847-849.
Varmus, H., & Satcher, D. (1997). Ethical complexities of conducting research in developing countries.
