Over the last few decades, unprecedented environmental challenges have continually affected biodiversity. Among them are water pollution and climate change (“European Environment Agency,” 2016; Cooper, Histock, & Lovett, 2019). Climate Change is attributed to several factors including deforestation, and economic development. Economic development comprises the human activities, which result in the emission of greenhouse gases to atmosphere. Consequently, the gases trap infrared radiation, hence raising atmospheric temperatures. As a result, the warmer conditions exacerbate overall precipitation, and evaporation, such that some regions become wetter while others become dryer. Secondly, water pollution has turned critical in the 21 st century as a result of mining, industrialization, mismanagement of domestic sewage, and mechanized agriculture despite the recent attempts to regulate waste production (“European Environment Agency,” 2016). These sources of pollution affect both ground, and surface water, hence impacting on ecosystems, water quality, and public health at large. For instance, the recent deep water horizon oil spill in the United States greatly damaged ecosystems (Edenhofer, 2015) Therefore, governments need to implement multiple solutions to curtail such environmental issues, and rather support environmental sustainability.
The mitigations to water pollution demands both personal and national efforts. The national governments ought to implement environmental laws to restrict degradation on the biological, physical, and chemical properties of water (Cooper, et al. 2019). As such, they can impose acceptable limits of contaminants released to water bodies, besides limiting discharges from certain sources of pollution. Moreover, farmers should preferably use native plants to minimize water use, and limit the use of artificial fertilizers. Similarly, reduction of sediments and erosion in construction sites to prevent pollution in nearby water sources. Edenhofer (2015) asserts that v arious actions can be implemented to mitigate climate change. The first method is limiting the combustion of fossil fuels demands the use of low-carbon energy sources such as nuclear power and renewable energy ( Owusu, & Asumadu-Sarkodie, 2016 ). This approach increases energy efficiency and offset global warming, thus, mitigating climate change.
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References
European Environment Agency. (2016). Chapter 7: Environmental challenges in a global context. Retrieved from https://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/synthesis/synthesis/chapter7.xhtml
Edenhofer, O. (Ed.). (2015). Climate change 2014: mitigation of climate change (Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press.
Owusu, P. A., & Asumadu-Sarkodie, S. (2016). A review of renewable energy sources, sustainability issues and climate change mitigation. Cogent Engineering , 3(1), 1167990.
Cooper, R. J., Histock, K. M., & Lovett, A. A. (2019). Mitigation measures for water pollution and flooding. Landscape planning with ecosystem services , pp.359-379.
