Hyperthyroidism is characterized by increases in the level of thyroid hormone. The thyroid hormone is secreted from the thyroid gland. The various causes of hyperthyroidism are grave diseases, toxic nodular goiter, thyroiditis, iodine-induced and drug-induced thyroid dysfunction, and injection of excess thyroid hormones (LiVolsi & Balochi, 2018). Hyperthyroidism results in weight loss and rapid heartbeat to people.
Hyperthyroidism is associated with various signs and symptoms. Unintentional loss of weight as a result of increased metabolic reactions in the body. Regular and irregular heartbeats due to variation in the palpitations of the heart. An enlargement of the thyroid gland as a result of swelling at the base of the neck will be noticed. There will also be sweating due to increased sensitivity to heat.
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There is a test that is used to diagnose hyperthyroidism. A radioactive iodine uptake test affirms that a person with the disease will show diffusely increased uptake. However, the radioactive iodine uptake will be normal and show an irregular pattern in toxic goiter in the less suppressed patients.
The treatment for hyperthyroidism is achieved in three ways (Leo, Lee, & Braverman, 2016). First, there is the use of anti-thyroid drugs that are used to restore euthyroidism before initial treatment through surgery is done. Second is the radioactive iodine therapy that is used to treat patients with active moderate Graves’ orbitopathy, Thyroidectomy is the most successful treatment method. It involves surgery to the patient with large goiters or low uptake of radioactive iodine.
The patient suffered from hypothyroidism due to the prolonged effects of hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism affects the thyroid glands to produce a reduced amount of crucial hormones in the body of the patient, making them suffer from hypothyroidism (Patil & Jialal, 2019). Therefore, patients who suffer from hyperthyroidism are likely to develop hypothyroidism if not treated properly.
Hypothyroidism is associated with increased sensitivity to cold, unlike hyperthyroidism that is associated with increased sensitivity to heat. Hypothyroidism is characterized by gaining weight, while hyperthyroidism is characterized by weight loss. Patients with hypothyroidism experienced reduced heartbeat compared to those with hyperthyroidism.
References
De Leo, S., Lee, S. Y., & Braverman, L. E. (2016). Hyperthyroidism. Lancet (London, England) , 388 (10047), 906–918. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00278-6.
Volsi, V. A., & Baloch, Z. W. (2018). The pathology of hyperthyroidism. Frontiers in Endocrinology , 9 , 737. doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00737.
Patil, N., & Jialal, I (2019). Hypothyroidism . StatPearls . Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519536/.
