Independent samples t-test and dependent samples t-test perform statistical analyses that involve two samples. An independent samples t-test compares the means of two unrelated or independent groups to determine whether the difference is statistically significant (“Independent T-test for Two Samples”, 2018). On the other hand, a dependent samples t-test compares the means of two related groups to determine whether the difference is statistically significant. The key difference between the two is the nature of samples (Gerald, 2018). An independent samples t-test is compares unrelated groups with different participants, while a dependent samples t-test is used in related groups with similar participants.
An example of an independent samples t-test would involve testing participants' weight (the dependent variable) and determining whether the weight is impacted by being either male or female (independent variables). The classification of gender to either male or female involves a grouping of two unrelated groups. On the other hand, a dependent sample t-test will first measure the participants' weight and refer them as the first group. The participants may go through a diet and exercise routine where their weight is later measured and the values labeled as the second group. In the given instance, the first and second groups are the same participants, and the two groups are thus related.
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A dependent samples t-test goes by many names such as a paired t-test, a matched-pairs t-test, or a paired-samples t-test (“Dependent t-test for Paired Samples”, 2018). The independent samples t-test is also called a student’s t-test or a two samples t-test.
The dependent variable in the dependent samples t-test is dependent and can change based on other factors. The dependent variable is usually measured using a continuous scale, either through a ratio or interval level. Examples of dependent variables include measuring weight in kilograms or pounds, assessment results varying from 0 to 100, and intelligence through an IQ score.
References
Dependent t-test for paired samples. (2018). Laerd Statistics. https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/dependent-t-test-statistical-guide.php
Gerald, B. (2018). A brief review of independent, dependent and one-sample t-test. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics , 4 (2), 50-54.
Independent t-test for two samples. (2018). Laerd Statistics. https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/independent-t-test-statistical-guide.php
