As a matter of analysis, it has been realized that there are defects related to health which might arise from the occupational exposures. It has been established that different welding fumes can result in similar health defects. Exposure to a relatively higher concentration of antimony for a longer period may cause eye, skin and lungs irritation. Important is that most of the workers are exposed to fatality. As a matter of statistics, the industry occupational rate of fatality stands at 2.5 times more than the recorded rates for construction (Witter , Tenney, Clark, & Newman, 2014). For the case of exposure to Beryllium, there are problems such as lung cancer, beryllium sensitization, and chronic beryllium disease. Cadmium is associated with respiratory problems such as obstructive lung diseases and emphysema. Overexposure to chromium (VI) is likely to cause nosebleeds and irritations. Even though copper is associated with nutritional benefits, too much copper may have negative health effects such as the cause of nausea, diarrhea and stomach cramps and nausea. Occupational exposure to dangerous fumes and dust has been seen to occur in most of the work areas including quarries and industries (Bang et al., 2015). Therefore, it becomes essential that there is seen the mechanisms to reduce the problems and hindering the exposures.
In the evaluation of health hazards at the workplace, there are various methods which can be put in place to realize an effective analysis. NMAM is one of the collections of methods used for the sampling analysis. This method is specifically used for the case of the analysis of the various elements. It is focused on the contaminants from the air within the workplace. Notably, the method is designed for the analysis of urine and blood of the workers who have the potential risk for occupational exposure. There are some other chapters within the method which focuses on the portable instrumentation, sampling and quality assurance. The methods development is taking different stages in which there are the preliminary research and identification of analysis. This is followed with literature searches and choice of the analytical method through the choice of candidate. Important about the method of analysis is the development. Development starts with the preliminary experimentation, recovery of studies within the sample medium and stability studies of the medium of sampling.
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The following fumes would produce the same health effects when produced in excess: Chromium, copper, Beryllium, and antimony. All the listed fumes are likely to result in health defects which cause respiratory complications. In the calculation of the equivalent exposure, there are five metals put into consideration for the sake of this discussion. Personal sampling of the fumes with similar health defects produced the results as was seen from the table
The following is the formula for the calculation of the equivalent exposure
E= (Ca Ta +Cb Tb+ Cn Tn)1/8
Therefore, for the gases identified according to the results are Chromium and Magnesium Oxide with both having the results of 0.02 as per the indications from the results section in the table.
E= (8X 1x0.1000+15x8x0.1000)/8
=15.001
From the calculation presented in the case above, it can be concluded that there is the exceeding on the OSHA PEL and ACGIH TLV. This means that the workers are exposed to the OSHA PEL higher than the recommended limits. It is recommended that worker occupational exposure may exceed up to three times the TWA and PEL. However, this should not go for more than 30 minutes specifically during the day of work. It is a caution that exceeding time should not be more than the five times the recommended exposure. Therefore, for these results, it should be put into caution as it is likely to undermine the recommendable exposure limits.
References
Bang, K. M., Mazurek, J. M., Wood, J. M., White, G. E., Hendricks, S. A., & Weston, A. (2015). Silicosis mortality trends and new exposures to respirable crystalline silica—United States, 2001–2010. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , 64 (5), 117.
Witter, R. Z., Tenney, L., Clark, S., & Newman, L. S. (2014). Occupational exposures in the oil and gas extraction industry: State of the science and research recommendations. American Journal of Industrial Medicine , 57 (7), 847-856.
