According to Wisniewski, Porzezinska, Gruchala-Niedoszytko, Niedoszytko, Slominiski & Jassem (2014), COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is an illness which can lead to mortality or morbidity. Many people suffering from COPD may experience early symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest tightness, lack of energy, wheezing, swelling in feet, legs or uncles, experience periods of exacerbations, and having to clear the throat immediately after waking up due to the presence of numerous mucus in the lungs. The primary cause of COPD is tobacco smoking in the developed countries, while in the developing countries COPD is associated with exposure to fumes from kerosene used in lighting and cooking. According to the World Health Organization, the problem of COPD is widespread around the world since 70 million individuals are diagnosed with COPD annually (Buist, et al., 2007). In the United States, COPD ranks third in causes of deaths with 100,000 death cases annually. An estimated fifteen million individuals had health care provider detected or diagnosed COPD in 2011, and a projected twelve million potential cases stay undiagnosed. As of 2010, the estimated cost for COPD was 50 billion. (Buist, et al., 2007). Therefore, this disease should be treated with protocol since its effects are dire and can lead to death if left untreated.
Hillas, Perlikos, and Tzanakis (2015), identifies smoking and age as the main common risk factors for COPD. In a clinical perception, COPD exacerbation is a crucial factor that leads to deterioration of patients’ health. Wiśniewski et al (2014), conducted a study to identify factors linked to COPD exacerbations. Hillas, Perlikos, and Tzanakis (2015), conducted a study to examine the management of comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the essence of the right medical intervention or treatment. In both research studies, COPD exacerbations are considered a severe risk factor for patient well-being, which should be precisely identified and properly coped.
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Hillas, et al (2015) showcased an overview of the issues facing COPD patients, the risk factors and reasons for the frequently encountered comorbidities, the affliction or burden of health care expenses and provide the solutions which can be used to help patients with comorbidity. The researchers utilized primary sources of data to come into a conclusion. However, using one source of data is not usually advisable while researching since the conclusion may be one-sided. The researchers should have considered using secondary sources like interviews and surveys to come up with clear analysis and conclusions. However, after analyzing the primary sources, the authors explained that non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment not only can lessen COPD symptoms but also diminish the severity of exacerbations, which advances patient health condition. Likewise, since numerous COPD related ailments are financially burdened concerning health care expense, less expensive method for instance smoking cessation is advised ( Hillas, et al., 2015) . Based on the allegation that the more holistic framework or approach should be considered, the insinuation of this article seems to be twofold; alternate forms of comorbidities in COPD should be comprehended in a clinical view, as well as the significance of managing the ailments with health care expense reduction.
In their study, Wiśniewski et al. (2014) suggested that deficiency of systematic treatment is a vital risk factor for COPD exacerbations. In this research, various precise information based on evidence-based data and statistical analysis are given to support the argument that there should be systematic treatment in COPD and its link or association with exacerbations. According to the research findings, COPD is a crucial ailment that requires the correct treatment so as to diminish the clinical symptoms and avoid comorbidities. Moreover, COPD exacerbations posse a probability of aggravating the existing ailment so that put clients or patients in a severe condition.
To diminish the manifestations of patients with COPD and comorbidities, it is suggested that all human services suppliers should collaborate to enhance the patient condition. In a clinical viewpoint, it is essential to comprehend pathogenic factors in COPD intensifications and its comorbidities. Also, how to adequately oversee and treat the sickness is another vital issue in a patient point of view in light of its monetary angle. For further research, we can consider how different causes with the exception of smoke truly influence COPD, for example, used smoke, hereditary issue, or irresistible illnesses.
References
Buist, A. S., McBurnie, M. A., Vollmer, W. M., Gillespie, S., Burney, P., Mannino, D. M., & Jensen, R. L. (2007). International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): a population-based prevalence study. The Lancet , 370 (9589), 741-750.
Hillas, G., Perlikos, F., Tsiligianni, I., & Tzanakis, N. (2015). Managing comorbidities in COPD. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , 10 , 95.
Wiśniewski, D., Porzezińska, M., Gruchała-Niedoszytko, M., Niedoszytko, M., Słomiński, J. M., & Jassem, E. (2014). Factors influencing adherence to treatment in COPD patients and its relationship with disease exacerbations. Advances in Respiratory Medicine , 82 (2), 96-104.
