Mendel states that heredity is as a result of single units of inheritance. He referred to every single trait as a gene carried genetic information for unique characteristics. Also, Mendel describes traits to pass over to subsequent generation using the law of inheritance. The alternate form of the gene is known as allele which comprises of two genes inherited from the parents (Orgogozo, Peluffo, & Morizot, 2016) . The offspring is regarded as homologous when identical alleles are inherited, and heterozygous if two different alleles are inherited. The pattern of inheritance can either be dominant or recessive. Dominant inheritance is acquired when the child inherits two or one dominant alleles from the parent while recessive inheritance occurs when the child inherits two recessive alleles from the parents (Chakrabortee et al., 2016)
Single traits govern the expression of a gene phenotypically which can either be dominant or recessive for a particular trait or disorder. Multiple genes determines most of the traits in humans such as skin color, hair color, and height. Traits determined by more than one gene are identified as polygenic traits. The traits encoded in multiple genes do not have a distinct class, and that’s why we skin ranges in skin color and height (Solis, Knowles, & Ane’s, 2015) .
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Both genetic and environmental factors cause all traits. Both factors interact to produce effects. Genetic inheritance influence trait expression when the offspring inherit dominant or recessive genes from the parents. Dominant genes are expressed all the time while recessive genes are expressed when the child inherits two copies of recessive alleles. Additionally, an environment where individual lives contain many variables which can influence genome expression. Chemicals, drugs, light, and temperature are an example of environmental factors that affect how traits are expressed (Reichenberg et al., 2016) . Genes and environments interact to produce traits. The environmental factors turn genes on and off or change the functionality of the encoded enzymes or proteins. The example in Himalayan rabbit’s genes coding for dark color hair turns on at cold temperatures (Reichenberg et al., 2016) .
If environmental factors factors such as chemicals, drugs, and temperatures are present then the inherited traits are affected leading to changes in allele frequencies. Also if more than one gene imtect, then resulting allele arrangements influence single traits such as skin color, and different heights. These two factos result to changes in single traits due to chage in allle arrangement.
Reference
Chakrabortee, S., Byers, J. S., Jones, S., Garcia, D. M., Bhullar, B., Chang, A., ... & Jarosz, D. F. (2016). Intrinsically disordered proteins drive emergence and inheritance of biological traits. Cell , 167 (2), 369-381.
Orgogozo, V., Peluffo, A. E., & Morizot, B. (2016). The “Mendelian gene” and the “molecular gene”: two relevant concepts of genetic units. In Current topics in developmental biology (Vol. 119, pp. 1-26). Academic Press.
Reichenberg, A., Cederlöf, M., McMillan, A., Trzaskowski, M., Kapra, O., Fruchter, E., ... & Plomin, R. (2016). Discontinuity in the genetic and environmental causes of the intellectual disability spectrum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 113 (4), 1098-1103.
Solís‐Lemus, C., Knowles, L. L., & Ane’s, C. (2015). Bayesian species delimitation is combining multiple genes and traits in a unified framework. Evolution , 69 (2), 492-507.
