Leninger: Culture Care Theory
Patients come from the different cultural background. Culture Care Theory focuses on discovering the relationships of caring and health phenomena of specific and diverse cultures related to illnesses or wellness, as well as addressing dying and death in diverse cultures. Leininger Culture Care Theory developed from an observation in nursing practice to lack cultural and care knowledge in practice to support compliance, healing, and wellness to patients. The theory attempts to provide nursing care that is congruent to beliefs, cultural values, and life ways. The theory aims to attain nurse-patient relationships that stimulate nurses to design their actions and decisions by use of culturally based ways in the provision of satisfying and meaningful care to patients. The theory imparts learners in nursing with the appropriate knowledge and approaches to prevent inappropriately, and negative care and healing practices by providing culturally congruent practices (Petiprin, 2016a).
Benner: From Novice to Expert
From novice to Expert is a model is aimed at assessing progress during the different stages of professional growth in clinical competence. The model is a useful framework for evaluating the nurses’ needs. Benner’s five stages of clinical competence comprise of the novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient and expert. The novice stage involves nursing students in their early stages of learning the practice. They are students in their first years of learning with limited ability to predict what might happen to particular patients as they only follow the laid down procedures on a to-do-list. The nurses can only be able to recognize the sign and symptoms after experiencing them from another patient with similar symptoms. The Expert nurses, on the other hand, are able to notice subtle signs that are hard to detect in the previous stages as they focus on the whole picture while performing tasks. Therefore, the nurse gains clinical competence through experience as these abstract principles are expanded by experience, each stage building from the previous one. The expert nurse is one who provides superb nursing care (Petiprin, 2016b).
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References
Petiprin, A. (2016a). Leininger's Culture Care Theory. Nursing-Theory.org . Retrieved on 27 March 2019, from http://www.nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/leininger-culture-care-theory.php
Petiprin, A. (2016b). From Novice to Expert. Nursing-Theory.org . Retrieved on 27 March 2019, from http://www.nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/from-novice-to-expert.php
Leininger, M. M., & McFarland, M. R. (2006). Culture care diversity and universality: A worldwide nursing theory . Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
Weidman, N. A. (2013). The lived experience of the transition of the clinical nurse expert to the novice nurse educator. Teaching and Learning in Nursing , 8 (3), 102-109.
