Elements of a Logic Model
A logic model refers to a visual representation that demonstrates the logical relationships among different components of a program and how to deal with the recognized needs. The model has various elements that it addresses. A logic model comprises of a goal or goals which are broad statements of the expected results of a program (Knowlton & Phillips, 2012). For instance, a policing program may be established with the goal of reducing crime rates in a given neighborhood. Another element is objective(s) which are actual and specific action statements that help in achieving intended goals or changes. Activities are another element of a logic model which defines actions to be taken to meet set objectives. An example of an operation to improve security is to increase the number of police officers in more dangerous zones. Another element of a logic model is input or resources such as capital, human, and technological resources. Other features are methods, results, and outcome such as changes that public administration programs bring to society, and finally, indicators that will tell whether changes occurred.
Advantages of Logic Models
Logic models have certain benefits associated with their use. “Logic models can be vital for identifying the essential components of a program” (Gamel-McCormick, 2011). They provide a clear demonstration of the concept of a program as they provide details of the entire project. Secondly, logic models focus on the essential components between actions and results of a project or program, such as the results of increasing more public schools. This model also provides a framework for measurement as it points out the essential elements that should be evaluated over time. Furthermore, the model offers an outline for evaluation and tells of the design of the program. The models also establish a mutual understanding among employees and with stakeholders. Logic models also help users to discover any discrepancies that exist within a program and provide solutions to resolving these problems.
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Disadvantages of Logic Models
Despite the advantages of logic models, there are drawbacks associated with them. These models can oversimplify a project which is complicated. For instance, public administration programs such as allocation of funds are complex and lengthy, but a logic model will make them look simple. Therefore, logic models do not capture the complexity of some programs because of its linear nature (Kaplan & Garrett, 2005). Logic models do not reflect either positive or negative unplanned outcomes such as the public resisting changes associated with a program. Causal attribution of logic models is questionable because the models do not prove that the program resulted in the observed consequences. It may be challenging to establish whether observed outcomes of a program are as a result of the changes that the initiative made because other underlying concepts may explain these consequences.
References
Gamel-McCormick, C. (2011). A critical look at the creation and utilization process of logic
models (Doctoral dissertation, University of Delaware).
Kaplan, S. A., & Garrett, K. E. (2005). The use of logic models by community-based
initiatives. Evaluation and Program Planning , 28 (2), 167-172.
Knowlton, L. W., & Phillips, C. C. (2012). The logic model guidebook: Better strategies for
great results . Sage.
