Long bones are broader and longer, they are essential since they are durable to withstand the impact applied when the body does movements. The mass of a bone is nearly composed of a matrix. The bone matrix consists of an organic and inorganic component. Organic component is a third of the bone mass and is referred to as osteoid. Inorganic components consist of two-thirds of the bone mass; it consists of hydroxyapatite and the chemical compound in it is calcium phosphate. It provides resistance to compressions against the body (Rho, 1998).
The structure of a long bone is typically the same in every long bone. The essential parts of a long bone include spongy bone marrow, articulatory cartilage, endosteum, periosteum, compact bone and medullary cavity and vessels to supply blood in the bones. Shocks and frictions in the body are absorbed by the articular cartilage movable joints. The outside of the bones are guarded around by Periosteum if they are not covered by articular cartilage. The yellow bone marrow, high in fats is in the medullary cavity (Weiner & Wagner, 2010).
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A long bone has a diaphysis, the most significant part of any long bone made up of compact bone tissue, and has minerals. Small holes exist in the diaphysis for blood supply Nutrients are carried to compact bone cells by these vessels. The metaphysis is in between the epiphysis cap and diaphysis. The metaphysis is essential for bone growth. The medullary cavity is found in every long bone’s diaphysis the yellow bone marrow that is usually high fats is contained within the shaft in the medullary cavity. A thin layer of cartilage that covers the epiphysis protects the bones surface. A layer of fibrous tissues covers the outside of the bone, the periosteum, which in turns protects and nourishes the bone, generation of a new bone cell for growth and repair is also done at the periosteum.
References
Weiner, S., & Wagner, H. D. (2010). The Material Bone: Structure - Mechanical Function Relations. Annual Review of Materials Science, 28, 271-298.
Rho, J.-Y., Kuhn-Spearing, L., & Zioupos, P. (1998). Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone. Medical Engineering and Physics, 20, 2, 92-102.
