Madeleine Leininger is a nursing theorist who studied nursing at the Catholic University of Washington. She is a registered nurse with a P HD in anthropology (Leininger, 1991) . After practicing nursing as a profession for a long time, Madeleine realised the need for nursing professionals to incorporate cultural practices in their daily nursing activities. Therefore she proposed the theory of transcultural nursing. She believed that while it is paramount for nurses to look at their patients as a whole person based on factors such as social, spiritual, psychological and sociological perspective, nurses also need to consider the patient’s culture and cultural background in helping the patients. Madeleine believed that the cultural values and beliefs of a patient have much effect on the health outcome of the patients.
The relevance of the health care and Madeleine is that she proposed the transcultural theory which enables nursing professionals to consider the culture and cultural backgrounds of the patients. The theory requires nurses to look at the cultural backgrounds of each patient (Leininger, 2002) . Moreover, it is believed that cultural practices of any clients play an important role in the outcome of their health services they receive. The nurses should incorporate cultural practices and beliefs that can lead to positive impacts in the lives of the clients.
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The theory of transcultural nursing can be applied to practice when nurse decide to look keenly onto the cultural beliefs and practices of the clients they handle. The nurse should be able to outline the cultural backgrounds of the patients they deal with and incorporate them in their nursing care activities (Leininger, 1991) . Thus, the nurses need to be culturally competent and be able to incorporate cultural ideas in caring for their clients. They need to understand that culture influence health, illness, and the search to find relief from the health and sicknesses in their lives.
References
Leininger, M. (2002). Culture Care Theory: A Major Contribution to Advance Transcultural Nursing Knowledge and Practices. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, Vol. 13 Issue. 3 , 189-192.
Leininger, M. (1991). Culture care diversity and universality: A theory of nursing. New York: National League for Nursing Press .
