An endemic disease is a permanently prevailing disease in a localized region or population. An example of endemic disease is malaria, which is a cause of devastation in most parts of Africa. An epidemic, on the other hand, involves a disease outbreak that infects many people simultaneously and spreads in one or several populations. An example of an epidemic is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (World Health Organization, 2020). On the other hand, pandemic is an epidemic disease that has spread over a vast region, which may include multiple continents and also worldwide. A disease is referred to as pandemic if it keeps infecting more and more people over a large area. An example is the Covid -19 or coronavirus.
Measles is a viral infection which usually starts by infecting respiratory system ( Bester, 2016). Measles is an extremely infectious disease that is caused by a virus that replicates in the nasal and throat cavities of infected individuals. The disease is airborne and thus spreads through respiratory droplets release into the air by a cough sneeze from an infected person. The symptoms presented by infected persons include cough, sore throat, runny nose, red blotchy skin rash and fever. There is no cure that can get rid of measles, and thus it is usually prevented by the administration of a vaccine.
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The primary prevention of measles is vaccination with the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) (Hviid, Hansen, Frisch & Melbye, 2019). This is an effective method of prevention as the vaccine contains stronger elements that can deal with the virus causing the disease. The success rate of the vaccine is high and thus recommended by health workers. Secondary prevention seeks at minimize the severity of the disease. An example of secondary prevention is the use of vitamin A to control the severity of the disease. The patients infected with measles are given this to reduce the impact that the disease would have. An example of a tertiary prevention method is rehabilitation. The people infected with measles are taken through rehabilitation exercises that will help them not suffer extremely from the disease. The rehabilitation is meant to reduce the impact that the disease would have and thus save their lives.
References
Bester, J. C. (2016). Measles and measles vaccination: a review. JAMA pediatrics , 170 (12), 1209-1215.
Hviid, A., Hansen, J. V., Frisch, M., & Melbye, M. (2019). Measles, mumps, rubella vaccination and autism. Annals of internal medicine , 171 (5), 388-388.
World Health Organization, (2020). Retrieved from March https://www.who.int/
