According to Martyn, and Paliadelis (2019), the eight rights of medication administration are right patient, right medication dose, right administration route, right drug, right timing, right documentation, right prescription reason, and right drug response. The nurse(s) should compare the name of the patient on the patient’s tag with the name in order (Bucknall et al., 2019). The label of the drug and prescription should also be checked before administration, as suggested by Salami et al. (2019). Advanced Practice Nurses are obliged to verify the dose’s suitability with the drug’s reference standard (Benjamin et al., 2018). An assessment of the patient needs to be done to confirm the appropriateness of medication administration through the route ordered, as suggested by Davies et al. (2018). Just before administration of prescribed medication, the nurse should double-check time, administer medication, and then document administration time, route and dose, as suggested by Bucknall et al. (2019). After administration and documentation, the nurse should confirm the rationale of the medication then note subsequent effects on the subject (Davies et al., 2018).
Not all medication errors are caused by nurses (Lesar et al., 2017). According to Kaushal (2015), medication errors that are attributed by nurses include action-based/slips errors or lapses. Knowledge-based/rule-based errors, including prescription faults and prescriptions errors, are caused by pharmacists, physicians, or chemists, as suggested by Lesar et al. (2017). Prescription faults are errors by physicians in decision-making where they prescribe the wrong drug to a patient, which might cause harm or severe reaction to the patient, as suggested by Bates et al. (2015). According to Barker and McConnell (2016), misdiagnosis accounts for most prescription faults. Prescription errors are mistakes done either by the pharmacist, or physician when writing the dose prescription. Such errors can cause drug overdose or drug underdose (Bates et al., 2015).
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References
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Bates, D. W., Boyle, D. L., Vander Vliet, M. B., Schneider, J., & Leape, L. (2015). Relationship between medication errors and adverse drug events. Journal of general internal medicine , 10 (4), 199-205.
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Davies, K. M., Coombes, I. D., Keogh, S., & Whitfield, K. M. (2019). Medication administration evaluation tool design: An expert panel review. Collegian , 26 (1), 118-124.
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Lesar, T. S., Briceland, L., & Stein, D. S. (2017). Factors related to errors in medication prescribing. Jama , 277 (4), 312-317.
Martyn, J. A., & Paliadelis, P. (2019). Safe medication administration: Perspectives from an appreciative inquiry of the practice of registered nurses in regional Australia. Nurse education in practice , 34 , 111-116.
Salami, I., Subih, M., Darwish, R., Al-Jbarat, M., Saleh, Z., Maharmeh, M., ... & Al-Amer, R. (2019). Medication Administration Errors: Perceptions of Jordanian Nurses. Journal of nursing care quality , 34 (2), E7-E12.
