Q1 Answer
Antonie-Henri, Baron Jomini was a French-Swiss officer who argued that the American states entered into the civil war to reclaim and defend American rights and to maintain and protect greater American interests such as commerce, agriculture and manufactures. According to Harsh, Jomini said that diplomacy is a peaceful alternative to war 1 . In his suggestions he said that soldiers should not be coerced and forced into battlefields because he advocated that military actions must always be guided by maps, tactics and strategies.
He further said that in strategy, the American states were to properly direct their troops to act in defending due to other states invading their territories. On grand tactics, Jomini argued that troops are posted to use various ground battlefields so that they can fight . Jomini strategies could not also be maximized during the Napoleonic era because many troops were coerced by their superiors to stay in battlefields while fighting.
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Q2 Answer
Carl Von Clausewitz critically described war as a paradox trinity that encompasses people, commanders and the government. According to him, war consists of three conflicting central elements which are composed of extreme violence enmity, probability, chance and hatred 2 . The paradox of war lies from the complexity of managing the three elements in an efficient and effective manner. Furthermore, war is an extensive policy which requires expert subordination in the long run.
In addition, he argued that war is a rational tendency which is propelled by primordial violence and irrational habits. Because war involves complex ideas and behavior from the commanders, people and governments, Clausewitz developed the complexity theory which was a holistic framework that helped military stakeholders understand complex social systems. The theory also helps various war stakeholders in prompt understanding of the root causes of phenomena and possible remedies.
Q3 Answer
Clausewitz pinpointed that defense was a stronger aspect of war than attacking. By defending, troops are able to tactically diminish attacker’s bullets. After they have succeeded in depleting and exhausting attacker’s war tools, the defenders usually attack 3 . He further advocated that troops must remain covered throughout the war. Furthermore, he argued that all troops must not be brought to the battlefield.
Jomini differed from Clausewitz war defense strategies. This is because he opined that troops should quickly engage its attackers while focusing on decisive weak points of the attackers in a real-time manner 4 . Moreover, Jomini advocated that troops should quickly surprise their attackers by economizing their attack efforts. Lastly, soldiers should maneuver through the attacker’s army while cutting their lines of communications.
Bibliography
Chin, Warren. "Technology, war and the state: past, present and future." International Affairs 95, no. 4 (2019): 765-783.
Cole, Brian. “ Clausewitz’s Wondrous Yet Paradoxical Trinity The Nature of War as a Complex Adaptive System” . Retrieved April 11, 2021, from https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-96/JFQ-96_42-49_Cole.pdf?ver=2020-02-07-150502-163
Harsh, Joseph L. "Battlesword and Rapier: Clausewitz, Jomini, and the American Civil War." In The American Civil War , pp. 607-612. Routledge, 2017.
1 Harsh, Joseph L. "Battlesword and Rapier: Clausewitz, Jomini, and the American Civil War." In The American Civil War , pp. 607-612. Routledge, 2017
2 Cole, Brian. “ Clausewitz’s Wondrous Yet Paradoxical Trinity The Nature of War as a Complex Adaptive System”
3 Chin, Warren. "Technology, war and the state: past, present and future." International Affairs 95, no. 4 (2019): 765-783
4 Harsh, Joseph L. "Battlesword and Rapier: Clausewitz, Jomini, and the American Civil War." In The American Civil War , pp. 607-612. Routledge, 2017.
