Neo-Marxism attempts to explain explicably about the concept of capitalism, which expounds more on underlying insights in the capitalist and the working class. The theory further shows how the capitalist class owns the different means of production while the working class barely survives in inadequacy, which becomes the major cause of exploitation as the working class is ruled and controlled by the capitalist class. On the other hand, the race and colonialism theories shed light on how racial order emerged out of colonialism, mainly though the historical process in which E.U nations dominated other countries objectively through an administrative rule. From findings and diverse evaluations, a critical comparison of the Neo-Marxism and theories of race and colonialism reveals that there are differences and similarities between the two theoretical perspectives.
Differences
Articulately, capitalism is evident in Neo-Marxism, where the capitalist class leads to authority while the working class is presumed as subordinates. In essence, the capitalists employ an authoritative rule giving directives to the working class, which, in this case, are forced to follow these ascribed instructions given to them. The Neo-Marxism theory dictated that the economic system directly shapes the society, such as the political system and the ideological system from the superiority dominance of the capitalists and the submission of the working class (Young, 2020). This understanding gives insights that for one to give an idea or an opinion, they were expected to be in a position of owning property or some production methods which were attributed inclined towards capitalists. As a result, a culture of submission by the working class was birthed while capitalists continued to thrive in supremacy and authority. On the other hand, colonialism theory indicated that consciousness emerges through the dialectical progress of mutual recognition. Such meant that the colonized had a chance to express and give out different ideas as long as they followed the stipulated rules set out by the colonizers. In other words, a sense of freedom and consideration of interest was promoted even though the colonized lived under certain rules and regulations set before them (Young, 2020). In a way, there was recognition of humanity and the need to have a common ground of engagements, which is not evident in neo-Marxism.
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In Marxism, post capital society exhibits differential attributes from the capitalism seen in the current era. Such reveals the great change as there is a separation of ownership by capitalists and control by corporate executives and managers. From diverse understanding, the executives who run the businesses were hired as capitalism developed. Notably, traits of social inequality can be identified as seen from the bases of production relations and authority conducts (Young, 2020). Contrary, race and colonialism theories show all races and classes of people focused more on the social, cultural, and economic realms were colonized, and colonizers had both concentrated more on powers and serve as resistance, respectively.
Coherently, the race and colonialism theories showed how modern racial order emerged out of colonialism. In this historical process, the administrative rule was used by the E.U nations to dominate other nations. It further shows how the black were being discriminated by white. This explanation reveals how the blacks were forced to be submissive, although they negated the rule of the whites. Neo-Marxism, on the other hand, attempts to reinterpret, revise or update Marx's theoretical ideas so that they can explain more on recent developments on capitalist trying to explain the correlation of capitalists' ideologies and how the working class submitted to this rule for survival purposes without having to repel against the same (Young, 2020). In other words, while capitalism deduces that, the working class has always been comfortable with the supremacy of the capitalist class, whether it shows signals of oppression or not.
The Neo-Marxism theories give a defined view of how revolution emerged were the main focus was to take over the high positions through counter-hegemony. Counter hegemony is an alternative ideology and culture. Organizations were formed by the less powerful, which is the working class. Ideally, they focused on fighting against the capitalist with the aim of overthrowing them from their positions, practice, or philosophy that was hard to pass since capitalists retained had a higher power. They also continued to dominate over the working class, despite their attempts to show that they were vocal and powerful too. On the contrary, theories of race and colonialism theory, however, show reveal the opposite as the inferior groups emerged victoriously and overcame the rule of colonists as well as the oppression that came with racial discrimination. The colonized nations formed liberation groups with trials of fighting for freedom and equality, primarily using violence as an advocacy tool (Young, 2020). They went ahead to form national movements where their leaders spearheaded the quest to overthrow the colonizers. These national movements aimed to fight against exploitation by the colonizer and to have freedom again. Such is not evident in Neo-Marxism theory as the working-class organization aimed at doing away with capitalism for the good of the society. However, they ended up being overly exploited by the capitalists.
Racial injustice, discrimination of black people by white, problems such as sexual harassment, social inequality, gender issues, and class conflict were addressed in colonialism and race theories. The theories expound further on the formation of unions, which were directed towards achieving equity and addressing these vices to alienate them. The unions were used the advocacy of representatives from a central viewpoint who spearheaded the engagements meant to deal with the issues and emphasized on the importance of curbing the issues. On the other side, the Neo-Marxism theory of conflict and power only dealt more with class conflict and the social structures where the capitalists wanted to retain their status and say in the society while widely negating the concept of equality. Neo-Marxism explains that the notion of parallel identity in the community was widely rejected by capitalists as they inclined to the conduct and engagements that favored them, leaving the working class in the same position over the years.
Similarities
Notably, both neo-Marxism and theories of race and colonialism show the exploitation of marginalized groups attributed in terms of race and social status. For example, the working class was not in a position to acquire substantive wealth, which compelled them to work for the capitalist who ended using this economic variation to exploit them. The result for this became the trigger for the development of social and class conflicts in society (Young, 2020). Similarly, as seen from the perspective of race and colonialism theory, exploitation was depicted in the idea of how the colonized faced humiliation and unjust treatment from the practice of colonization, which ended up damaging their economic statuses. Most colonized nations submitted to forced labor. Notably, white supremacy becomes evident since they were the colonizers who, through authoritative power, discriminated against the voices, opinions, and status of the black people.
Likewise, Neo-Marxism explains that post-capitalist society indirectly formed a complex system of inequality, which later captured the simple split between capitalist and workers. This was also in colonialism theory where a post-colonial period, showing that colonization never ended and that racial inequality is still prevalent in one way or another. The application of these justifications deduces that capitalism, racism, and colonialism still exist, although in other indirect forms other than their initial images. Hegelian Marxism focused on idealism, which is a philosophy that focuses on conflict and contractions in society, primarily showing distinct variations (Young, 2020). Hegel further talked about the ideological aspects of society dialects, which tend to give a bigger picture of the various intimate levels in race and colonialism theories. The prevalence of these differences became the cause of social indifferences, which are evident even today.
Neo-Marxism and theories of race and colonialism reveal the use of corrective information that sheds more light on many of the problems associated with structural functionalism as well as social change and conflict. Both give variations that were present in terms of differences in class, race, and social inclination, a subject that helps to understand factors like racial and ethnic relations better. While Neo-Marxism expounds more on oppressions by the capitalists towards the working class, the theories of race and colonialism table various pieces of information on how oppression was seen as the whites mistreated the blacks through white supremacy and colonization. The understanding of the concepts outlined by each helps to fathom social inequality because they focus more on class and racial problems.
