Integrated Delivery Systems
The IDSs provide a better quality of care with more favourable outcomes for patients who suffered from chronic diseases such as asthma, depression, hypertension, and diabetes. The two most crucial components of integrated delivery systems in health care are the enhancement of care and continuity. IDSs have also decreased medication error rates and improved patient medication adherence. IDSs also help in the reduction of costs for medication, which is due to the tandem generic medication prescription initiative, which is associated with electronic prescribing implementation. The IDSs faces several challenges, including the acknowledgment of the value of bespoke medical technologies ( Bayliss et al., 2015) . Others problems include societal and legal issues, ethical, data management, systems infrastructure and awareness and education of the workforce .
Risk Adjustment
Risk adjustment is a method used to offset individual healthcare insurance cost. Risk adjustment targets typically patients who are suffering from chronic health conditions since they represent the high-risk group to the insurance firms. Insurers receive extra compensation to cover costs which are associated with enrolling a greater-than-average number of high-risk individuals. Insurers can deny higher risk individuals financial incentive in the absence of risk adjustment policies. The insurers can write exclusions into policies if adjustment policies are absent in addition to imposing unaffordable premiums to high-risk individuals with pre-existing conditions ( Kautter, Pope & Keenan, 2014).
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Contractual Adjustment
The contractual adjustment refers to an agreement between the insurance company, patient, and health care provider. In contractual change, the health care provider agrees to write off expenses in case of charges on behalf of the patient. Contractual adjustments commonly occur when there is a disagreement between the insurance company and the provider charges for health care services.
References
Bayliss, E. A., Ellis, J. L., Shoup, J. A., Zeng, C., McQuillan, D. B., & Steiner, J. F. (2015). Effect of continuity of care on hospital utilization for seniors with multiple medical conditions in an integrated health care system. The Annals of Family Medicine , 13 (2), 123-129.
Kautter, J., Pope, G. C., & Keenan, P. (2014). Affordable care act risk adjustment: overview, context, and challenges. Medicare & Medicaid Research Review , 4 (3).