The article by Simmons (2015) examines various aspects of the pediculosis capitis including how the infection spreads, ways of managing the infection, and how to prevent the infection.
Based on the article, Pediculus capitis infestation is caused by the pediculus humanus capitis (head louse). Pediculus capitis is prevalent across the globe with effects such as mental stress both for adults and children and missed school days for kids.
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The infection commonly affects 3 to 11-year-old children, even though it can affect any person. It is spread mainly through direct contact with the head of another person with the infection.
Symptoms include the scalp, ear, and neck itching, which are allergic reactions to the injection of saliva by the lice during feeding. Most infestations are, however, asymptomatic. Pediculus capitis can also lead to febrile episodes, nuchal lymph, and cervical nodes.
The infestation can be diagnosed by using fine-toothed nit combs for hair combing. A hair conditioner first wets the hair prior to combing. The hair should first be combed or brushed to eliminate tangles, which is followed by placing the comb near the head’s crown to touch the scalp gently and then firmly drawn and examined for lice. A UV lamp can also be used to examine the skin and hair for infestation.
The infestation can be managed using pyrethroid over the counter pediculicide shampoos. Topical ivermectin, spinosad, benzyl alcohol, and malathion can also be used. Age restrictions should be observed when using these products. Breastfeeding and pregnant women should also consult their physician before using these treatments.
Personal items should be washed in hot and soapy water to decontaminate them. Combs and brushes should also be placed in rubbing alcohol for at least one hour. An adequate prevention strategy is currently unavailable.
Reference
Simmons, S. (2015). Taking a closer look at pediculosis capitis. Nursing2018 , 45 (6), 57-58. https://journals.lww.com/nursing/Fulltext/2015/06000/Taking_a_closer_look_at_pedicul` osis_capitis.18.aspx
