The normal heart rate of a healthy adult is 60 to 100 beats per minute. Heart rates may increase or fall when doing physical exercise, sick or under duress. When heart rate increases while a person is at rest, the condition is referred to as tachycardia. It occurs due to abnormal heart signals that result in high-speed electric pulses. A tachycardia that recurs deteriorates the performance of the left ventricle thus leading to fatal heart failure (Bibas, Levi, & Essebag, 2016).
There are different types of tachycardia classified based on the cause of the abnormality and its location within the heart. The two types of tachycardia located on the ventricles are super-ventricular tachycardia (SVT) and ventricular tachycardia. SVT attacks the upper side while ventricular tachycardia attacks the lower ventricles. In both scenarios, the heart rate increases denying the ventricles enough time to fill and pump adequate blood. An attack that lasts several seconds results in heart tissues accessing inadequate blood thus leading to heart failure and fatality. A recurring SVT and ventricular tachycardia also weaken the ventricles thus leading to heart failure (Bibas, Levi, & Essebag, 2016).
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The two types of tachycardia located in the atria region are atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Atrial fibrillation occurs on the upper side of the atria and it’s characterized by disorderly heart rates and weakened contractions. Causes of fibrillations are closely linked to causes that often result in heart failure. They include hypertension, deformities on the heart valve and hyperthyroidism. Atrial flutter’s link to heart failure is similar to SVT. The quick but regular heart rate in atrial flutter results in weak contractions thus experiencing pumping of inadequate blood. Depriving heart tissues with oxygenated blood may result in heart failure (Ciaccio, Biviano, Iyer, & Garan, 2017). All the aforementioned types of tachycardia generally result in quick-short breathes, palpitations, chest pain, and possible death if not timely treated.
References
Bibas, L., Levi, M., & Essebag, V. (2016). Diagnosis and management of supraventricular tachycardias. Canadian Medical Association Journal , 188 (17-18), E466-E473. doi:10.1503/cmaj.160079
Ciaccio, E. J., Biviano, A. B., Iyer, V., & Garan, H. (2017). Trends in quantitative methods used for atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia analyses. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked , 6 , 12-27. doi:10.1016/j.imu.2016.12.003
