Globally, families and economies have been affected by population aging. According to Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington (2014), currently, aging is a universal phenomenon. For the first time in history, children below the age of 5 are fewer compared to individuals aged 60 years and older. Kinkel, Brown, and Whittington (2014) foresee a period when children below fifteen years will be lesser compared to older adults. The revolutionary situation is expected to happen in the coming four decades. However, it will require an entirely different social, economic, and political response from every national government.
Nations including the United States have set aside retirement funds for the elderly populations. According to the United Nations (2009); Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington (2014), the earth’s older populace is increasing twice as fast compared to its entire population. Over 1.2 million individuals join the older population level monthly! In countries including China, Japan, Italy, India, and Nigeria, the percentage of persons who are 65 years and older will grow twice as much between the years 2000 to 2050 (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014). Similarly, other nations will have higher growth levels. India’s percentage of older individuals will almost triple, and Kuwait will have a nine-fold growth in the quantity of its populace of 65 years or older in those fifty years. The remarkable rate at which universal aging is happening along with the extended economic, social, and cultural effects in nations, worldwide and across various regions, is the primary focus of the book (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014).
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The earth’s older populace, including various issues, which every state faces as their aging citizen's growth, is gaining popularity from the policy-making officials, the government, the media, researchers and international organizations including the United Nations (UN) (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014). The growth in numbers of older individuals in developing states is especially noteworthy. Currently, over 60 percent of individuals aged 65 years and above living in emerging countries ; Kinsella and He, 2009; Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington (2014) note that the proportion will surpass 75 percent by 2040. The numbers may appear astounding, given the comparatively small percentage of the older population in many of the nations, including lower medium ages and life expectancies in developing countries (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014). Since most of the population on earth is centered within these emerging states, and because the regions are starting to experience rapid population aging, it is simple to view how three-fourths of older individuals on earth will be residing in these regions within a few decades (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014).
Even though people agree that the aging population aging is a worldwide phenomenon, which happens in every country in worldwide, the realities and experiences of aging unfold differently in various places. Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, (2014) are committed to identifying the different aging realities . However, the authors are dedicated to dispelling and uncovering stereotypes concerning other nations, and what it is like to age in those states. Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, (2014) offer a unique interpretation concerning the life of senior women in rural Bangladesh, which raises interesting subjects about power, age, and gender in an emerging nation, which may well surprise the audience.
Culture is significant in influencing aging experiences. For instance, Kenya, Germany, and China, nations with dissimilar social, cultural, and demographic situations associated with aging populations are described . The examples show population aging intersections cultural traditions and social change in every unique setting, and they show an impression of the kinds of issues, which Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, (2014) explore. An individual can compare every case to what he or she might recognize about aging in America to inform his or her understanding of the precise dynamics, which shape aging there.
As Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, (2014) note in Chapter 4, populace pyramids offer significant information concerning population aging. Assessments of pyramids, either over a particular period for a specific nation or across various states, show significant demographic changes or suggest various social changes, which accompany such changes. The chapter shows China’s contemporary population pyramid, which takes a distinctive shape, imitating its exceptional age construction (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014). The structure in chapter 4 is the outcome of China’s well-identified one-child strategy, applied in the year 1979 to stop an unsustainable and very high rate of growth of the country’s population to favor long-term financial development and improve the living standards for China’s citizens (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014).
Before 1980 , China’s rate of fertility approximated 2.9 kids per woman (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014). However, two decades after its implementation, the percentage dropped to approximately 1.8 children (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014). Currently, the number has dropped further within the last five years to only over 1.5 children (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014). One can see the effect of the one-child strategy in the smaller base of the country’s population pyramid during the year 2010. Due to the rapid fertility decrease, pooled with low rates of mortality, the percentage of China’s populace age 65 years and older is growing fast (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014). Through policy, China has increased the normal fertility decrease, which is a part of its demographic change. The 2050 population pyramid in chapter 4 shows this reality (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014).
The base of the pyramid is significantly small compared to various age strata, aside from the extremely seasoned population (age 80 and more established). By the year 2050, individuals influenced by the one-kid arrangement will be in their 70s (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014). These accomplices will be essentially bigger in number than those simply behind them including their kids. In a culture that profoundly esteems conventions of regard, care, and respect from children to guardians and grandparents, this age structure will be socially and culturally difficult (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014).
Since most of the population on earth is centered within these emerging states, and because the regions are starting to experience rapid population aging, it is simple to view how three-fourths of older individuals on earth will be residing in these regions within a few decades (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014). In countries including China, Japan, Italy, India, and Nigeria, the percentage of persons who are 65 years and older will grow twice as much between the years 2000 to 2050 (Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, 2014). Even though people agree that the aging population aging is a worldwide phenomenon, which happens in every country in worldwide, the realities and experiences of aging unfold differently in various places. The examples show population aging intersections cultural traditions and social change in every unique setting, and they show an impression of the kinds of issues, which Kunkel, Brown, and Whittington, (2014) explore.
Reference
Kunkel, S. R., Brown, J. S., Whittington, F. J. (2014). GLOBAL AGING: Springer Publishing Company LLC, ISBN: 978-0-8261-0546-2
