Background
The article by Grube et al. (2013) presents a qualitative study to shed light on Psychological-psychiatric risk factors of parental behavior and how such experiences may have an impact on the children's weight as they develop. The problem the author aims to address is the impact of parenting on a child's obesity or overweight. In the end, the authors reveal that besides biological factors, familial interactions and parental behavioural patterns may influence children’s weight development. Nurses need to understand such factors as they closely connect to obesity. The research question is whether parenting has an impact on obesity in childhood. The article by Davidson & Vidgen (2017) also presents qualitative research to understand what motivates parents to enrol their children in obesity prevention programs. The problem that leads to the study is that despite the high rate of obesity, most parents find it difficult to enrol their children in obesity prevention programs. The finding from this article that parental perception and their obesity history are key to them enrolling their children in obesity programs alert nurses on factors to major on as they come up with obesity prevention programs for both children and adults. The research questioning leading the study is to establish whether it is the parental perception of the risk of obesity or any other factors that push them to get their children to enrol in obesity programs.
The article by Fuemmeler et al. (2013) aims to assess how appetite characters of children have, and parental overweight has an ultimate impact on the weight gain of infants. The article’s main problem is to tie parenting techniques and genes inheritance and how they interplay to result in obesity in childhood. These are areas where nurses need to concentrate on, particularly when developing programs that target to eliminate obesity, and when developing educational programs targeting parents and children who are overweight. The research question targets habit and parenting as root factors to childhood obesity. Finally, Liu et al. (2013) focus on evaluating the parent-child similarity when it comes to weight status. The research question here is to define whether any resemblance to body weight between a child and parents is a factor that can lead to obesity. For all the four research articles, they present to nurses critical areas where they should focus on when drafting an educational template for obese children and parents.
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How the article support the nurse practices
All these articles answer the PICOT question for the study. Research by Davidson & Vidgen (2017) reveals that parents' perceptions about the weight of a child, weight are the key reason that leads them to enrol children in obesity programs. It answers the PICOT questions that are emphasizing that children adopted by obese parents are likely to be safe because of the perceived insecurity the parents have on exposing children to the obesity lifestyle. By concluding that biological and parenting factors can lead to childhood obesity, Grube et al. (2013) answer the PICOT question by underlining the importance of parenting and genetics in defining the obesity states of a child both adopted by obese or non-obese parents. The article by Fuemmeler et al. (2013) reaffirms the PICOT question by concluding that children that have both parents obese had greater chances of increased weight gain from birth until two years regardless of the appetitive characters of the kids.
On the other hand, Liu et al. (2013) support reveal that 54 percent of the obese kids had at least an obese parent, with 95 percent of obese children had the two parents being overweight. In this sense, it answers the PICOT questions. For all the study participants, the groups targeted by all the four articles fall within the range of three months to 18 years, which is within the range of the PICOT question’s study. The interventions given in the four articles differ, but they all point towards creating an environment that enhances better parenting and also creating an environment that increases sensitivity to obesity management strategies.
Research Methods
Davidson & Vidgen's (2017) research uses Semi-structured qualitative telephone interviews that is advantageous because it is time conscious and also cost-effective for the researchers; however, its scope is narrow. On the other hand, Grube et al. (2013) use a p rospective longitudinal study that is advantageous because the researchers can show the patterns of variables over time. However, they require a considerable amount of time. Liu, Chen, Liang, & Wang (2013) use a correlation study whose strength is on the broader scope and the measurements of variables. Still, weaknesses lie in its inability to identifying the patterns that prevail between the distinct variables. On the other hand, Fuemmeler et al. (2013) choose a questionnaire survey whos strength is with regards to invoking more information from the participants but has a big challenge dealing with bais while conducting a study.
Results of Study
In summary, the parental history of obesity is after that has a direct influence on childhood obesity, as asserted by both Davidson & Vidgen (2017) and Liu, Chen, Liang, & Wang (2013). From the research studies, the authors are clear that genetical inheritances that define some similarities between children and the parents also dictates the childhood obesity. Other results from these articles are that parenting is critical in dictating childhood obesity and overweight. For instance, Grube et al. (2013) realize that exposing children to risk factors that have an impact on the mental states has a high chance of creating stress that may lead to them developing habits such as over-eating that may lead to obesity. Besides, Fuemmeler, Lovelady, Zucker, & Østbye (2013) also note that it is the role of a parent to cultivate a culture and attitude in a child that decrease habits such as an appetite that can lead to obesity. The implication to nurses is that integrating such issues as good parenting and obesity management can be important in reducing the impact of obesity among the children. The nurses need to target both parents and children who are suffering from obesity and designing an obesity education plan that targets to teach them the best ways to manage obesity.
Ethical consideration
While conducting research, the researcher should present a consent form to participants as a way of making them understand the research scope and asserting to participate willingly. Also, the researcher needs to preserve the patients' information by ensuring that the confidentiality level is up. In all four studies, researchers use ethics to protect the participants. Grube et al. (2013), there is informed consent, voluntary participation, and risk avoidance. In the study by Davidson & Vidgen (2017), there is consent and confidentiality. On the other side, informed consent, volunteer participation, as well as confidentiality preservation are at the centre of research for both Fuemmeler et al. (2013) and Liu et al. (2013).
Outcomes Comparison
For the PICOT question, the prediction is that children who are adopted by parents that are obsessed are likely to developed obesity in their childhood than children whose parents are not obese. The prediction is in line with results from different research studies that also seem to predict that parenting style and genetics are key factors that lead to obesity in childhood. In this sense, it implies that presents which are obese are most likely to place their children at risk of obesity.
References
Davidson, K., & Vidgen, H. (2017). Why do parents enrol in a childhood obesity management program?: A qualitative study with parents of overweight and obese children. BMC public health , 17 (1), 159.
Fuemmeler, B. F., Lovelady, C. A., Zucker, N. L., & Østbye, T. (2013). Parental obesity moderates the relationship between childhood appetitive traits and weight. Obesity, 21 (4), 815-823.
Grube, M., Bergmann, S., Keitel, A., Herfurth-Majstorovic, K., Wendt, V., von Klitzing, K., &Klein, A. M. (2013). Obese parents–obese children? Psychological-psychiatric risk factors of parental behavior and experience for the development of obesity in children aged 0–3: study protocol. BMC public health , 13 (1), 1193.
Liu, Y., Chen, H. J., Liang, L., & Wang, Y. (2013). Parent-child resemblance in weight status and its correlates in the United States. PLoS One, 8 (6), e65361.
