Capitalism allows the owners of factors of production to shape cities while protecting them from the social problems associated with urbanization (Beauregard, 2003). The factors pulling people to urban centers include increased job opportunities and better wages that the rural areas. However, with the achievement of urbanization, rents go up as the wages drop. The urbanization process is associated with various problems such as overcrowding, mental problems, poverty that prompts the middle and working class to move to the suburban regions.
Socialist support de-centrism which occurs in a planned manner, thus not segregating the minorities in the central city (Beauregard, 2003). Additionally, de-centrism is lenient and not robbing the central cities and their population of their wealth while the decentralization of the capitalist is deleterious in which corporations move their factories to the suburbs to weaken unions. City decay characterized by fiscal distress and racial unrest that weakens the urban economies requires developing types of settlements such as exurban communities, nonmetropolitan counties, and the edge cities to solve the issue (Beauregard, 2003).
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Safe urban neighborhoods need a common route for both pedestrian walks and automobiles movement in Jacob's way of planning (Mumford, 1962). Sidewalks widening, multiplying the number of cross streets, developing various types of services, and shops on the streets that are devoted to residents and reduction of other spaces can help minimize crime (Mumford, 1962). Therefore mixing the social and economic activities during the various times of the day to ensure the streets are always full of pedestrians prevents crime. Jacob’s idea of the city was keeping the blocks irregular and small, with a mixture of tenement houses and shops to help prevent violence and corrosion.
Moses planned the arterial parkways as well as elevated modern expressways that would connect the country and the city by hacking his way through the city (Berman, 1988). In his construction, Moses destroyed the garbage mounds and the notorious ash heaps that were established from the modernization of the human and industrial waste, thus reclaiming wasteland, swampy grounds unmapped as well as inaccessible lands for urban structures (Berman, 1988). Therefore, Moses worked toward the destruction of the valley of ashes while beautifying the city, thus allowing the social organization and modern technology to create a world free from ashes.
References
Beauregard, R. A. (2003). Voices of decline: The postwar fate of US cities . Psychology Press.
Berman, M., (1988). All That Is Solid Melts into Air. The Experience of Modernity. Penguin Books USA Inc.
Mumford, L. (1962). Home remedies for urban cancer. The Lewis Mumford Reader , 184-2000.
