Describe what rehabilitation theory is and its underlying assumptions. What is different about rehabilitation compared to other theories we have discussed? (Deterrence, incapacitation)
Rehabilitation theory refers to the planned act of helping a person with the goal of reducing recidivism and also to re-adapt people to their former positive selves which are done in a correctional system.
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Rehabilitation. Unlike incapacitation or deterrence which is backed up by reasons to prevent crime which involves imposing unpleasant punishments which discourage other people as well as the offender from engaging from criminal activities so as to avoid the unpleasant punishment, rehabilitation aims at helping offenders solve the psychological or moral problem which makes them susceptible to offending crime it also imparts offenders with skills which they can use to lead independent lives after going through rehabilitation.
Outline the risk need responsivity model (RNR) model and its underlying assumptions. What does each component recommend and how does this model work to reduce recidivism? Is there any evidence to show that this model is effective with offenders?
The RNR is a model which is used to come up with suggestions on how prisoners should be assessed depending on the risk upon which they pose, their respective needs as well as the appropriate environments they should be placed so as to reduce recidivism.
The RNR models assumes that risk is a gross indicator of the level of clinical attention needed, it assumes that treatment of non-criminogenic ailments like grief and despair doesn't reduce the rates of recidivism again its assumed that every offender is an individual and that offenders should not be viewed as a homogenous lot but rather as unique individuals with varying needs and concerns.
The risk component recommends that treatment and attention given to an offender should be inversely proportional to the risk of re-offending. The need component suggests that for effectiveness attention should be channelled towards changing criminogenic needs like impulsiveness and poor problem solving finally responsivity recognizes that to reduce recidivism different types of treatments and therapist should be matched according to the personality and needs of offenders.
Its blatantly clear that RNR is a relatively effective model putting into mind the sum of research that backs this information, for instance, a pilot study by the Department Of Mental Health in Zurich showed promising preliminary results after the application of the model.
Describe what Ted Palmer did in response to the Martinsons (1974) article? How did this affect the future of rehabilitation?
Palmer stood up to defend correctional measures and affirmed that programs meeting certain characteristics really did help to reduce recidivism as well as some types of correctional measures. Palmer found out that contemporary treatment approaches tended to ignore internal psychological problems and conflict. Palmer also offered several recommendations for future research priorities.
The Post Martinsons report era has seen significant changes, for instance, there have been serious reforms in the criminal justice system of several states which have come up with new sentencing guidelines for their judges which puts into consideration offenders prior record and even the seriousness of the crime committed.
Briefly describe the Good Lives Model. How does GLM defer from the RNR model framework?
GLM is an offender rehabilitation model that takes a holistic and constructive approach aimed at addressing old traditional risk management approaches by enabling offenders to lead a good life as opposed to teaching offenders to avoid re-offending and re-incarceration.
The GLM and RNR differ in that, the RNR reduces the likelihood of offending results and lacks an orientation to integrate offenders in the community. The GLM on the other hand through its positive psychology principles makes a happy and socially adjusted individual thus making people easily adaptable to fit in their respective communities.
References
. Birgden, A. (2018). Therapeutic Jurisprudence Principles and Offender Rehabilitation: Which Rehabilitation Theory Is the Best Match. Intel J. Therapeutic Juris. , 3 , 199.
Andrews, D. A., Bonta, J., & Wormith, J. S. (2011). The risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model: Does adding the good lives model contribute to effective crime prevention? Criminal Justice and Behavior , 38 (7), 735-755.
Middleton, E. L., Schwartz, M. F., Rawson, K. A., Traut, H., & Verkuilen, J. (2016). Towards a theory of learning for naming rehabilitation: Retrieval practice and spacing effects. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 59 (5), 1111-1122.
Polaschek, D. L. (2012). An appraisal of the risk–need–responsivity (RNR) model of offender rehabilitation and its application in correctional treatment. Legal and Criminological Psychology , 17 (1), 1-17.
