Critical Review of Article 1: DiLeo, P., Rowe, M., Bugella, B., Siembab, L., Siemianowski, J., Black, J., ... & Styron, T. (2018). The 2012 sandy hook elementary school shooting: Connecticut’s department of mental health crisis response. Journal of school violence , 17 (4), 443-450.
Summary: The article discusses the Sandy Hook Elementary school shooting and discusses the incident management from an incident response perspective. The article shows how an Incident Command System (ICS) can be deployed by clinicians to provide direct care for surviving victims as a mental health response.
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Authors Position: The position of the author is that there are key lessons, activities, and roles learned from Sandy Hook shooting that should guide how mental health experts should respond to school shooting.
Article Analysis: The article discusses some of the major themes, lessons, and recommendations in mental health in planning and implementing responses to similar incidents in future.
Practical Applications: The article can be applied to prevent for any future incidents as it formulates a clear incident management response plan for mental health recovery.
Critical Review of Article 2: Wombacher, K., Herovic, E., Sellnow, T. L., & Seeger, M. W. (2018). The complexities of place in crisis renewal discourse: A case study of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management , 26 (1), 164-172.
Summary: The article discusses a case study of Sandy Hook to establish a strategy for crisis recovery. The analysis shows that post-crisis communication can be used to handle crisis effectively. The article further shows the case of Sandy Hook Shooting to analyze the opportunities and challenges when dealing with a crisis.
Authors Position: The position of the author is that the place of a crisis can play a critical role determining the recovery.
Article Analysis: Recovery in incident management is critical. The article shows the concept of organizational renewal when dealing in crisis can consider the external environment.
Practical Applications: The article can be applied during the recovery face after an incident to enable faster recovery through the use of a visual dimension.
Critical Review of Article 3: Jacobs, L. M., Wade, D. S., McSwain, N. E., Butler, F. K., Fabbri, W. P., Eastman, A. L., ... & Burns, K. J. (2013). The Hartford Consensus: THREAT, a medical disaster preparedness concept. Journal of the American College of Surgeons , 217 (5), 947-953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.07.002
Summary: Mass murder through active shooters have become a central incident. The article discusses mass casualty shootings in various institutions in the United States and analyzes how to improve preparedness.
Authors Position: The position of the authors is that preparedness is a critical part of incident management that could have been applied to reduce the negative outcomes of mass shootings.
Article Analysis: The article takes a different approach in analyzing incident management in mass shootings by analyzing how preparedness can help solve the problem.
Practical Applications: Various institutions can form a preparedness plan that should indicate how to act in the event of an active shooter incident.
Critical Review of Article 4: Perkins, J. C. (2018). Preparing Teachers for School Tragedy: Reading, Writing, and Lockdown. Journal of Higher Education Theory & Practice , 18 (1).
Summary: The study involves a mixed method explanatory design of 307 Rhode Island teachers. The study analyzes some of the patterns, themes, and barriers that prevent an emergency preparedness. It further discusses strategies that can improve plan development and communication in case of an emergency incident.
Authors Position: The position of the author is that teachers can improve in their preparedness by having procedural coherence, a clear and continuous communication, and crisis preparedness training.
Article Analysis: The article provides an overview of perceptions of teachers when preparing for a school crisis. The emphasis on preparedness applies to incident management as it ensures a proper plan to handle an emergency situation.
Practical Applications: Every institution should be prepared for an emergency incident. A practical preparation can be realized through proper training through emergency drills.
Critical Review of Article 5: Fisher, B. W., Nation, M., Nixon, C. T., & McIlroy, S. (2017). Students’ perceptions of safety at school after Sandy Hook. Journal of school violence , 16 (4), 349-360. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2015.1133310
Summary: The aim of the article was to discuss the perceptions of safety in schools especially after the Sandy Hook incident. The article used previous studies of violence to show examine its psychological outcomes.
Authors Position: The author concluded that there was a significant relationship between the Sandy Hook incident and the perception of safety. The implication is that the recovery process should consider perceptions of safety for students.
Article Analysis: The article can be applied in incident management response by focusing on the recovery process and the perceptions of safety.
Practical Applications: The implications of the article are that policies should be established that focus on improving the perceptions of safety for better psychological outcomes.
Critical Review of Article 6: Borum, R., Cornell, D. G., Modzeleski, W., & Jimerson, S. R. (2010). What can be done about school shootings? A review of the evidence. Educational Researcher , 39 (1), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.3102%2F0013189X09357620
Summary: The aim of the article was to discuss how schools have developed a crisis response to prepare and mitigate violent events. It analyzed the security and safety measures deployed in schools such as the strategies for zero-tolerance on indiscipline behavior. Conducting a threat assessment was identified as a strategy that can prevent violence in schools.
Authors Position: The conclusion and position of the authors is that all schools should have a concrete crisis response plan.
Article Analysis: The article examines violent incidences in schools and goes further to explore how to develop a crisis response plan.
Practical Applications: The application of the article is in the formation of a crisis management by conducting a threat assessment to identify possible risks of such encounters.
Critical Review of Article 7: Zantal‐Wiener, K., & Horwood, T. J. (2010). Logic modeling as a tool to prepare to evaluate disaster and emergency preparedness, response, and recovery in schools. New Directions for Evaluation , 2010 (126), 51-64. https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.329
Summary: The article formulated a logic model that can be incorporated when examining an emergency management program. A sample logic model was formulated that focuses on readiness and emergency management.
Authors Position: The position of the author was that schools should make use of logic modeling to prepare for disasters.
Article Analysis: The article examines incident management by focusing on strategies that can improve the three aspects of preparedness, response, and recovery.
Practical Applications: The practical application is using the logic model by school districts and school districts to analyze their incident management plan.
Critical Review of Article 8: Mutch, C. (2014). The role of schools in disaster preparedness, response and recovery: what can we learn from the literature?. Pastoral Care in Education , 32 (1), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2014.880123
Summary: The article is a literature review that examines how developed countries engage in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery.
Authors Position: The position of the author is that preparedness, response, and recovery should focus on the community, schools, children, and young people.
Article Analysis: The article provides a new perspective to analyzing incident management by showing how it can be integrated to the community to be effective.
Practical Applications: When formulating an incident management plan, the article emphasizes that preparedness, response, and recovery should focus on the community and the children.
Critical Review of Article 9: Thompson, B., Jerome, A. M., Payne, H. J., Mazer, J. P., Kirby, E. G., & Pfohl, W. (2017). Analyzing postcrisis challenges and strategies associated with school shootings: An application of discourse of renewal theory. Communication Studies , 68 (5), 533-551. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2017.1373370
Summary: The aim of the article was to analyze the post-crisis strategies and challenges associated with school shootings.
Authors Position: The position of the authors is that disaster planners and coordinators should formulate a strategy to further advance emergency response.
Article Analysis: The article observes that one of the critical factors when dealing with a disaster is to have proper planning.
Practical Applications: The application of the article is improving emergency response in the current global environment.
Critical Review of Article 10: Crepeau-Hobson, F., Sievering, K. S., Armstrong, C., & Stonis, J. (2012). A coordinated mental health crisis response: Lessons learned from three Colorado school shootings. Journal of School Violence , 11 (3), 207-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2012.682002
Summary: The aim of the article was to analyze a crisis response framework from Colorado School Shootings. The authors analyzed the lessons learned that can further be used to prepare for violence.
Authors Position: The position of the author is that proper leadership in school districts and schools is required for incident management.
Article Analysis: The case of Colorado school shootings required incident management and there were several critical lessons that could help the leadership.
Practical Applications: Various institutions can use the lessons from the Colorado School Shootings to develop a team that can handle various incidences effectively.
