Introduction
Socialism can best be referred to us a system based on political and economic theories advocating for collectivism, whereby there is no property which is owned by private individuals. Countries can incorporate this system economically in different sectors of their governments such as public education and health care, over a long period of time, socialism has been practiced in different countries, countries in the Caribbean such as Jamaica, Cuba, Barbados, Puerto Rico, Bahamas, and Haiti are a good example of socialist countries. Socialism came in as a transition from other systems of capitalism and communism, which acted as a political alternative taken by leaders in fighting for independence. This coursework will expound on the positive advances of Marcus Garvey, and the history of the Pan-African Revolution and also how describing how the ideas of Franz Fanon in his book Black Skin, White Mask have brought about the change the mentality of the blacks and the general perception of the black race.
Many of the Caribbean islands were colonized by European countries, long before they could gain their independence, the European countries had injected these islands with their languages, religion, and economic activities in that many of these Caribbean countries activities reflected those of the colonizers and not that of the original inhabitants of the islands. Years later, colonialism led to many Africans flooding this islands as a result of the slave trade, but not only did colonialism bring in many Africans to the islands, it also brought in many Asians, Cuba is one of the destinations to many of Chinese people. Capitalism and communism were the systems being used at these times whereby the United States government controlled most of the sugarcane estates in the Caribbean countries, cartels from the European countries controlled casinos and clubs. However, that started to change when the ruling regimes in this islands changed, for example in Cuba, when Fidel Castro came into power most of the European countries who controlled sugarcane plantations in Cuba left the country, the business was now left for the people of Cuba in general.
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Furthermore, there were American Africans who played a big role in the Pan- African Revolt, an example being Marcus Garvey who made positive advances towards the fighting of the independence of the Caribbean countries. In the book, A History of Pan-African Revolt, after being colonized for some time by the Europeans, Africans started organizing themselves in liberation movements, the reason being most of the black Americans and Africans had gained little education and were now literate and hade immersed themselves with great wealth and other facilities. One of the movements was initiated by Marcus Garvey which was referred to us the Marcus Garvey movement. Garvey was a Jamaican and leader of the Pan-African Movement; his activities were happening in America even though they had a direct impact on the other African countries and Caribbean countries. He sought for the unification of the people of African descent all around the world, while in the United States; he founded the Negro World newspaper and the Universal Negro Improvement Association that was an association of Black Nationalist. With the association, Garvey and his colleagues sought to establish equality among the people of African descent, by so doing they sought to establish independent states all over the world, mostly the Caribbean countries and West Africa. Garvey and his associates started engaging themselves in talks all over the states of America, talks that later led the United States to be questioned about calling itself a democratic country while most of its black citizens were being oppressed. In the year 1919, he established a shipping company that advocated for black redemption which had the idea of establishing a country in the West African coast which black Americans under slavery could inhabit.
Marcus Garvey also spoke with the League of Nations about the issue of race and the abuse of black people. His struggle for the liberation of black origin, made his return to Jamaica his home country, where he established a political organization called Peoples Political Party. His party was a platform in which the rights of the poor and the workers were advocated. Marcus Garvey advances made great strides for the political development of countries in the Caribbean. Even though he made great achievements, his values and beliefs depicted contradiction in the struggle against the liberation of the people of black origin all over the world; Garvey contradicted with his close ally in the liberation movement Booker T Washington. Booker criticizes Garvey’s failures where he characterizes him as being dictatorial and is unable to get all with co-workers. He goes on to criticize the Black Star Line, saying it was not good enough as Marcus had presented it, Garvey’s ideas are referred by Booker as being an enemy to the black negro in America and around the world.
The book Black Skin, White Masks by Franz Fanon remains relevant in the world today because it provokes the mind of people to confront powerful notions of racism in the world today. The book helps in identification of the black identity. In the book, Franz applies different theories in explaining the feeling of inadequacy the blacks go through, the inadequacy feeling that black people experience because of having lost their origin and embracing the culture of other countries that they find themselves in which produces an inferiority complex among the blacks. The psychological mindset expressed by the negro’s in the book show blacks shows how a black child having grown up with a black family, tends to experience abnormality when coming into contact with the world of whites, the abnormal thinking comes as a result of the child being mentality trained that blackness is associated with wrongness. Fanon and his book, help a great deal in giving black people insights about fighting the wrong mentality, which has been associated with blacks. It helps them gain ideas on how to stand on their own; that can be depicted from socialist countries in the Caribbean such as Jamaica who have for a long time refused to be influenced by ideas from countries like the United States.
Conclusion
To conclude, Jamaica and other Caribbean countries like Cuba still deal with socialism, the relatively small population of Jamaica enables it to use this political system approach. Since independence, Jamaica and Caribbean countries have experienced social transformation process for example in the sugarcane cooperation. Socialism in Jamaica was highly influenced by Marcus Garvey when he came back in the country from the United States, he formed the first Peoples party in Jamaica, which was responsible for fighting for the rights of the workers in Jamaica, and he agitated for their equality at the workplace. Garvey in his effort in the Pan African Revolt, made several advances for which helped in the liberation of the black people all over the world, for example, he was one of the attendees of the Manchester Conference, which aimed at fighting for the rights of the blacks. Jamaica and other Caribbean countries use ideas from Garvey and other sources such as Fanon's book, Black Skin, White Mask to continue dealing with socialism.
References
Edmonds, K. (2015). An Elusive Independence: Neocolonial Intervention in the Caribbean. A Quarterly Review of Socialist Theory , (146).
Fanon, F., (1952). Black Skin, White Mask. Groove Press (US). Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=19&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwio0ubl8pLiAhUR6RoKHQmICrkQFjASegQIAxAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBlack_Skin%2C_White_Masks&usg=AOvVaw15Xq1CXULiv7cG9c6jV_kC
James, C., (1938). A History of Pan-African Revolt. “Marcus Garvey.” Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwijx6WW8JLiAhUF1BoKHUZdBKkQFjAAegQIBBAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fabahlali.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F11%2Fa_history_of_pan_african_revolt-1.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0_u57GNUq2TeOptf43D59T
Sterling, C. (2015). Race Matters: Cosmopolitanism, Afropolitanism, and Pan-Africanism via Edward Wilmot Blyden. Journal of Pan African Studies , 8 (1), 119-145.
