Discuss and define the concept of “bioethics”.
Bioethics is the study of ethical argument that arises in medical practice which involves applying principles of ethics to investigate how healthcare decisions are made. In simple terms, it is the study of ethical issues in biology and medicine that involves moral discernment to medical policy and practice and among other life sciences such as biotechnology, philosophy, theology, law, and politics. It includes the values relating to primary care, and how the actions of medical practitioners affect the life of other people or living organisms. According to Veatch (2016), medical bioethics deals with issues such as genetic engineering, euthanasia, surrogate parenting and other medical procedures such as organ transplants involving human health and wellbeing. Ideally, bioethics must comply with the ethical principles of beneficence, autonomy, justice, and non-maleficence while determining the difficulties and merits of treatment procedures.
Discuss and define the concept of “teleological argument”.
The teleological argument purports to prove the existence of God from the empirical facts of the universe that shows order and design. The argument suggests the existence of an intelligent creator perceived from the evidence of well-designed nature which is far beyond human understanding. The wonders of the natural world exhibit powerful creation that shows unity, order, coherent and design. The person who ordered the universe cannot be a natural feature of the universe since it is too complex to have simply come into being with factors such as evolution (Craig, 2018). Therefore, there must be an intelligent designer with supernatural powers who commanded the universe into what it is today.
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Teleological ethics focuses on rightness of actions that are supposed bring positive coexistence as the end result. The rightness of an act is determined by its end which achieves the goal of maximizing happiness either through utilitarianism or ethical egoism. The theory bases the moral judgment on the outcome of a decision or action where if the consequence of an act does not cause harm, then the action is morally upright and vice versa (Pops, 2019).
Discuss and define the concept of “deontological argument”
The deontological argument is a theory explaining the value of actions as to whether an action is right or wrong under certain rules rather than the consequences of those acts. Lazar (2018) asserted that the theory tries to establish which choices are morally upright, forbidden or even permitted while making a comparison on people's character and what they should be. Therefore, an action is morally good because of the characteristics associated with it and not because of the consequences of the action.
References
Veatch, R. M. (2016). The basics of bioethics . Routledge.
Craig, W. L. (2018). The teleological argument and the anthropic principle. The Logic of Rational Theism .
Pops, G. M. (2019). A teleological approach to administrative ethics. In Handbook of administrative ethics (pp. 221-232). Routledge.
Lazar, S., & Timmons, M. (2018). Deontological Decision Theory and the Grounds of Subjective Permissibility. Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics .
