The cost-benefit factor is among the primary reasons for the success of transport models that combine both passenger and freight. According to Ghilas et al. (2013), the cost of transporting goods and passengers at the same time is cheaper than transporting them separately. Consequently, the expenses on areas such as fuel and labor are significantly reduced. As opposed to the model that separates the two, combining them requires the same means of transport to cover the same distance, and requires the same human resource. The latter eliminates the expenditures on the areas mentioned above.
Congestions at the terminals characterize the transport models that separate passenger and freight. The leading cause of the congestion is the number of transport means such as vehicles, trains and airlines using the same terminals. Combining them eliminates the requirement for more of the condition mentioned above, thus eliminating the terminal congestion problem. The cost of ware and tare is equally minimized as the maintenance is done on one instead of multiple means of transportation. The differences in freight and passenger traffic measurement through the terminals is the main disadvantage of combining the two. According to Jean-Paul and Slack (2021 ) , measuring the former is more complex, making a mixed model untenable.
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However, transporting passengers and freight separately also has some benefits. Firstly, the risks of overloading are significantly reduced. Under normal circumstances, cargo is ideally heavier than the passenger, making transporting them separately more ideal because it reduces overloading risks (Jong et al.,2004). The approach also enhances the customer experience by reducing alighting or offloading delays, which characterize a mixed model. Whereas it is costly, the method significantly reduces the maintenance costs of the roads, railways, and other infrastructure since it exerts little pressure on their surfaces. The management of the processes is equally easier since each of the two are guided by different rules and compliance requirements.
References
Ghilas, V., Demir, E., Woense, & Van, T. (2013). Integrating passenger and freight transportation: model formulation and insights. TU/e . https://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/3893938/600823851742582.pdf
Jean-Paul, R., & Slack, B. (2021). 6.1 – The Function of Transport Terminals. The Geography of Transport System . https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/function-of-transport-terminals/
Jong, G., Gunn, H., & Ben-Akiva, M. (2004). A meta-model for passenger and freight transport in Europe. Semantic Scholar . https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRANPOL.2004.03.001
