The governance of society, social structure and order, and politics all depend on effective communication. As such, effective communication needs clear guidelines on a different definition of various terminologies. The definition of terrorism and organized crime will positively affect how we understand these organizations. As a result, this will promote active dialogue around these areas that are of significant security concerns to the world. This paper aims to define terrorism and organized crimes as well as their differences and similarities. This paper will also explore variously known terrorist and organized crimes groups around the world.
Terrorism is the illegal act of violence and force against property or persons to threaten the government and its citizens in the aim of escalating specific social and political intentions. The law categorizes the groups of terrorism into two: international and domestic terrorism (Galbreath, 2016) . Domestic terrorism can be described as an act of violence that is established and executed in a country without directions from other foreign forces. Contrariwise, international terrorism is an act of violence where terrorists accomplish their terror attack that is connected to external groups and government and also go beyond on the borders of a nation. On the other hand, organized crimes can be described as the act of crime and violence on a group of people, either international, national or local in order to make a profit (Black, 2017). The motivation behind the forming of terrorist and organized crime organization may be financial, political or an organized criminal gang.
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The differences between a terrorist organization and organized crimes organizations are that one, terrorist are highly motivated by ideologies while organized crimes are driven more by the ability to make a profit ( Jonathan, & Howard, 2014). When it comes to the court of law, terrorists mostly admit to their terror acts, but they do not consider such actions as crimes while organized crime organizations generally try to deny their involvement in the acts of crime. Additionally, the victimization of terrorists on individuals of a particular nation is basically less discriminating as opposed to organized crimes (“ MUSE,” 2019) . Another difference is that while terrorist organizations mostly compete with the government of a certain country for the validity in gaining ethically higher grounds in the opinion of the community, organized crimes do not subscribe to the notion of being known by the general mass ( Jonathan, & Howard, 2014). Organized criminal groups are often at war with their rival groups in their territories while most terror groups do not show signs of rivalry against terrorist groups with different ideologies.
On a different note, terrorist groups and organized crime organizations have their similarities. One is that the two organizations are ruthless and most often use force to execute their plans ( Black, 2017) . Another similarity is that both organizations operate in the undergrounds and are very secretive about their acts of crime. The two organizations need groups on the ground such as casinos and politicians as their eye in preparation for their acts of violence. Both of these groups stand in opposition to governments of their targeted nation. Another similarity is that individuals in both organizations claim ownership of their organizations where individuals do not leave their group as they please. Most of the criminals in these organizations usually stay in their group for a long term deal (Lyman, 2018) . Last but not least, both the two groups steal and extort money to finance their organizations.
There is currently some known terrorist organization. They include Isis, Boko Haram, Al Shabab, Al Qaeda, and Taliban to name but a few. ISIS, a terrorist group, is also identified as an Islamic state in Iraq and the Levant abbreviated as ISIL. The main objective of ISIS is to create an Islamic state in Syria, Iraq and across the world through its revolutionary violence and attacks (Galbreath, 2016) . Boko Haram is a branch of ISIS that is mainly based in Nigeria. This organization aims to advocate for non-western and Islamic form of education in Nigeria. Another primary objective of this group is to see an introduction of Islamic law in Nigeria as the only form of law in the country.
Al Shabab is a group of young militants who are based in Somalia. This group has its ideologies from the terrorist group, Al Qaeda. The primary objective of this organization is to advocate for Saudi’s Wahhabi version of Islam in Somali. Wahhabi’s ideology is to impose a rigorous form of sharia laws where women accused of adultery are stoned to death while thieves hand get cut off if found guilty. Al Qaeda, on the other hand, began as a logistical network that aimed at supporting the fight of Muslims against the Soviet Union. Today, its members involve themselves in acts that pledge allegiance to Osama Bin Laden. The primary objective of this group was to over-through the corrupt administration in the Middle East government in place of an Islamic government (Galbreath, 2016) . Taliban is another terrorist organization in the Middle East. The primary objective of this group is to mobilize the removal of foreign interference from Afghanistan and impose Islamic law to the country.
Organized crime groups around the world include the Solntsevskaya Bratva. This is a Russian mafia group whose structure is vastly distributed. The organization is composed of around ten different independent branches for the same goal. Another biggest organized crime group in Japan is known as Yamaguchi Gumi (Lyman, 2018). This organization makes most of its money from gambling, drug trafficking, and extortion. The Sinaloa Cartel is another organized crime group based in Mexico. Its primary source of revenue is from illegal drug trafficking. The group acts as a middle-man between the sufficient massive American market and the producers of illicit drugs from South America
References
Black, J. A. (2017). Organized Crime . Broomall, PA: Mason Crest.
Galbreath, D. J. (2016). Terrorism . London, United Kingdom: SAGE Publications.
Jonathan, R. W., & Howard, A. (2014). Terrorism and Organized Crime. Boston, USA: Cengage Learning.
Lyman, M. D. (2018). Organized Crime . New York, NY: Pearson.
MUSE. (2019). Retrieved from https://class.ctuonline.edu/_layouts/MUSEViewer/MUSE.aspx?mid=14555773
