Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) are the most common kinds of omega -3 fatty acids provided by fish oil. The omega-3 fatty acids have been proven to be beneficial to the body functions. For example, fatty acids have recently been recommended for maternal nutrition alongside protein and caloric requirements. This is partly because fatty acids have been found to be beneficial to the development of the infant. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, pregnant or breastfeeding women should consume at least 8 to 12 ounces of different types f seafood on a weekly basis. Recently, fatty acids have been connected with cardiovascular function, fetal development, and prevention of Alzheimer's disease ( Calder, 2015). Even so, since human bodies do not produce efficient omega -3 fatty acids, it is necessary for humans to obtain these nutrients from products of fish oil. Several studies have proven that DHA and EPA are essential for fetal development such as retinal, neuronal and immune function. DHA and EPA also affect the functioning of cardiovascular parts including peripheral artery disease, inflammation, anticoagulation, and coronary events ( Calder, 2015). DHA and EPA have been connected to prevention results, management of weight as well as a cognitive function for Alzheimer's disease patients who are still in their early stages.
The most common mechanism proposed for the anticoagulant function of fish oil is linked with the changes present in the phospholipids ratio inside the membranes of platelets. Fish oils are said to inhibit cyclo-oxygenase which subsequently reduces thromboxane synthesis from arachidonic acid inside platelets. Cyclo-Oxygenase plays a vital role in blood coagulation. DHA is able to affect platelet aggregation when they compete with ARA for incorporation of membrane incorporation in the platelets hence reducing the thromboxane A2 available for production ( Calder, 2015). Other mechanisms include decreasing the growth of platelets and clotting factors. Several studies have shown evidence for other benefits of fatty acids including inflammation, development of eye and brain, as well as prevention of mental health disorders.
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Reference
Calder, P. C. (2015). Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids , 1851 (4), 469-484.
