Explain the Basis Process of Movement for the Musculoskeletal System
The biomechanics of kicking a field goal involves the use of all muscles and bones in the lower extremities. For instance, transfering the kicking power into the football is provided by the tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges (Albert et al., 2018). To minimize power loss during the kicking, the tibia and the tarsals are initially flexed but go rigid when kicking. Hip flexion (swinging motion) is provided by femur and tibia. Furthermore, the source of the kicking power are the quadriceps that operate in an action known as knee extension. When kicking the football, the muscles in the calf are primarily used. These are the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. The muscle action involved is known as isometric contraction.
The largest action involved in kicking the field goal is hip flexion, where the hip flexors (psosas major, psosas minor, and iliacus) work the quadriceps. For hip flexion to happen, however, the hamstring muscles (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus) must relax (Albert et al., 2018). Kicking a field goal is a large action that could destabilize the player. Therefore, stabilizers (rectus abdominus, back, and gluteal muscles) must be involved.
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Explain the Basic Process of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
The central nervous system (CNS) is comprised primarily of the spinal cord and the brain (main processing center). Everything else, including the nerves and ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The primary parts of the PNS are the motor and sensory divisions (Ryan et al., 2018). The sensory division carries signals from the sensory receptors to the processing centers (like the brain) while the motor division carry stimulus to activate muscle cells.
When the football player intends to kick a field goal, the intent will be transmitted from the CNS through the premotor area of the brain. These neurons will create the plan and sequence to activate and deactivate muscles in the lower body to perform the kick. The information will then pass from the brain to the spinal cord, the PNS, and finally to the sensory and motor divisions.
References
Albert, S. F., Curran, S. A., & FCPodMed, F. F. P. M. (2018). Lower Extremity Biomechanics: Theory and Practice Volume 1 . Bipedmed, LLC.
Ryan, K., Lu, Z., & Meinertzhagen, I. A. (2018). The peripheral nervous system of the ascidian tadpole larva: Types of neurons and their synaptic networks. Journal of Comparative Neurology , 526 (4), 583-608.
