Do you agree that shifting the burden of disease and death from the young to the old is a successful public health outcome? Differentiate between how elders are treated in another culture and the typical US culture? What are your thoughts about these differences? How does this impact global health outcomes?
Disease burden is a concept that was developed by the Harvard School of Public Health and the World Health Organization (WHO) in the 1990s ( Benziger, Roth, & Moran, 2016) . Shifting the burden of disease from the young to the old has shown potential success in matters concerning health. The previous primary causes of death in children have shifted to older people, and children are now more or less likely to live into unhealthy adulthood. This significantly reduces the mortality rate of children. Also, aging is viewed differently across the world by different cultures. Japan, for instance, has a national paid holiday dubbed ‘Respect for the Aged Day’ to show respect for the elders. However, in some countries like in the US, elders are still subject to prejudice and stereotyping ( Uplekar et al., 2015) . As a result, the aged are neglected and become sicklier, thereby negatively impacting global health outcomes.
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Identify three reasons why every country in the world needs to be concerned about TB. Describe the WHO’s initiatives to control TB. Are these adequate? What else should be done?
Tuberculosis (TB) for instance, spikes global concern since it is a communicable disease, in developing nations TB is a burden if not contained, which bring strain in such countries economy ( Fauci, 2018) . Likewise, it has several risk factors, including poor living conditions and overcrowding, like in big cities ( Uplekar et al., 2015) . Also, exposure Tuberculosis makes the body vulnerable and lowers the immune system for attacks from diseases, especially for people living with HIV (PLWHIV). WHO has an initiative that pursues some core functions in addressing TB, among them being the pursuit of expansion and enhancement of TB control approach, contributing to health system strengthening, empowering people infected and affected by TB and also promoting research.
Which populations are most at risk for developing HIV, TB, and malaria? Why?
HIV, TB, and Malaria are still known to kill several people annually ( Benziger, Roth, & Moran, 2016) . The population that will be affected when there will be an outbreak is children and the older population ( Fauci, 2018) . Children are still in the process of developing their immune system, and older people’s immune system is on the verge of deterioration, which puts them at risk.
Who should fund medications to fight these diseases for economically deprived persons globally? How much money do pharmaceutical companies make on medications? What is their justification for the prices they charge?
` Increased insecticide and drug resistance, environmental factors, funding shortfalls, and demographics post severe challenges, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, such regions should be well funded by the World Bank, for instance, to increase the chances of elimination of these epidemic diseases. The pharmaceutical companies have a net worth of 934.8 billion dollars globally, a rate growing annually by 5.8% ( Benziger, Roth, & Moran, 2016) . This is largely contributed by the prices of medications used to treat epidemic illnesses. Such prices, in my opinion, maybe a bit exorbitant, especially for people in the sub-Saharan regions, who just so happen to need them the most yet cannot afford them. Those drugs should have their prices reduced to benefit every member of the society, despite their social status.
References
Benziger, C. P., Roth, G. A., & Moran, A. E. (2016). The global burden of disease study and the preventable burden of NCD. Global Heart , 11 (4), 393-397.
Fauci, A. S. (2018). Addressing the tuberculosis epidemic: 21st-century research for an ancient disease. Jama , 320 (13), 1315-1316.
Uplekar, M., Weil, D., Lonnroth, K., Jaramillo, E., Lienhardt, C., Dias, H. M., ... & Gilpin, C. (2015). WHO's new end TB strategy. The Lancet , 385 (9979), 1799-1801.
