A turning point can be defined as an approach in the life course. It emphasizes on permanent growth progressions and changes in correlation to transformation in the social roles like drug offender, parent, and worker. Sampson and Laub conceptualized the turning point as a part of power over time and included sudden and incremental change. They viewed turning points as deflection or change in the course that was started as an early point in time. They also stated that it is the main component in the stratum theory of casual general regulation (Carlsson, 2011) . The turning point opens up likelihoods of disconnecting the previous from the current, investing in new associations which encourage social development and support, and providing direct and indirect regulation and supervision.
The turning point sets shifting events that affect experiences in life across the life path that can make people enter into criminal activities and encourage reverting to the criminal activities or make one pull out from criminal offenses and encourage desistance. It constitutes changes in the life course, which leads to change in a person's offending. Change is brought about by how certain conditions cause change and are recognized as the principal for the discontinuance procedures. Individuals experience progression in which they reduce their offending behaviors until they stop them completely.
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The turning point has been mostly associated with life changes and not the experiences and events that lead to change in life direction. Engaging in the military, marriage, and employment represents changes in the life course (Teruya & Hser, 2010) . Also, when the events act as redirect paths, they are considered important turning points. In certain people, the turning points emerge from single dramatic events that cause sudden changes, while in other people, the change can happen within a given time, triggering the decision for change. Entering into marriage life and having full employment makes people deviate from the errant behaviors which encourage economic and familial development (Uggen & Massoglia, 2003) . Additionally, when people become adults, they either moderate or stop criminal behaviors, drug use, and other criminal activities.
References
Carlsson, C. (2011). Using ‘Turning points’ to understand processes of change in offending: Notes from a Swedish study on life courses and crime. The British Journal of Criminology, 52 (1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azr062
Teruya, C., & Hser, Y. (2010). Turning points in the life course: Current findings and future directions in drug use research. Curr Drug Abuse Rev., 3 (3), 189-195. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010246/
Uggen, C., & Massoglia, M. (2003). Desistance from crime and deviance as a turning point in the life course. In Handbook of the Life Course. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research (pp. 311-329). Boston: Springer Link. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48247-2_15
