The conquests of Phillip III, renamed Alexandar the Great by the Macedonians, embedded his influence in Greece, Asia, India, and Egypt. King Alexandar had succeeded his father, Philip II, who had expanded Macedonia by conquering large parts of Greece by creating a robust military differentiated into phalanx units, which mirrored the rigorous training he had received at Thebes before he was crowned King of Macedonia. Alexandar the Great benefitted from his father’s prior victory over the Greeks, such as Phillip’s II success at the Third Sacred War of 356 BCE where he conquered the Thessalians and triumph at the battle of Methoni to re-secure Pydna and Macedonia from the Athenians ( Kallianiotis, 2016). Thus, when Alexandar the Great ascended in power, he inherited an already weakened Greece through his father’s military campaigns and wit, which implied that Greece was an easy prey for Macedonia.
Alexandar the Great was renowned for his ruthless dealings with the empires he defeated, which inspired his people because they deemed him fearless and visionary for his expansion of Macedonia efforts. Although Phillip II had established a solid infantry corps militia, Alexandar strengthened it by introducing a well-trained cavalry unit and executing the terrain tactic which always weakened his enemies even when outnumbered, as in the battle at Granicus where he vanquished Persia. Alexandar inspired awe in Macedonians because he was resilient, considering he almost accomplished his vision to reach the Great Outer Sea and ends of the world. Thus, Alexandar’s experienced army, wit that was induced by Aristotle’s classes and resilience to fight for the good of Macedonia even when he had fewer military men, were priceless gifts that he bequeathed posterity.
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Besides having a robust army that enabled Alexandar the Great to conquer his foes, the King also pursued Hellenization, where conquered Persian regions subscribed to the Greek culture and language. Alexandar also purposefully allowed the Greeks to infiltrate and settle in Persia in pursuit of Hellenization, as a cultural homogenization tactic that succeeded ( Stretchie, 2018). Therefore, Alexandar the Great’s conquest in Persia and his deliberate promotion of the Greek cultural practices ensured that the aforementioned defeated empire assimilated a similar culture as that of Greece.
References
Kallianiotis, I. N. (2016). The Economic History of Alexander the Great Expedition. International Journal of Economics and Financial Research , 2 (2), 2413-8533. Retrieved from https://www.arpgweb.com/pdf-files/ijefr2(2)16-32.pdf
Stretchie, M. (2018). Alexandar the Great and the "Clash" of Ancient Civilizations. International Conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION , 24 (2), 421-426. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326652343_Alexander_the_Great_and_the_Clash_of_Ancient_Civilizations
