Prior to the assessment of evidence-based resources, it is important to conduct a careful planning of the search strategy that will be applied. In this context, it is important to breakdown the problem that was identified. The problem identified in this context is the understaffing of hospital bedside workers such as respiratory therapists and nurses as a result of a growing aging population that leads to a heavy workload for each of the healthcare workers. The problem will be broken down into manageable components prior to commencing the search for evidence. PPAARE is an acronym for the components of the broken down issue that include Problem, Population, Action, Alternatives, Result, and Evidence. It will give a breakdown of all the elements that can be used to define the problem while identifying the issues surrounding it. It will also help in gaining a better understanding of the problem.
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PPAARE Table for Problem/ Issue Identified in Assignment 1 |
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| PPAARE Component | |
| Identify the problem | Understaffing of hospital bedside workers such as respiratory therapists and nurses |
| Identify the patient/population | Hospital bedside workers, including respiratory therapists and nurses |
| Identify the action | Use of electronic systems in scheduling assignments and staffing |
| Identify the alternatives (may not apply) |
Introducing measures to regulate the number of patients a worker should attend in a day. Set a guide to proper staffing each day. Set aside a backup therapist in case of call outs. |
| Identify the result |
Reduction of heavy workload on workers Low stress levels by the workers Improved service quality Improved performance Improved restorative thinking leading to better communication between the therapists and the patients. |
| Identify the level of evidence |
Highest available There are statistics of a growing aging population It leads to increased workload for healthcare workers Research indicates that increased pressure on workers leads to low-quality services. |
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Question: What is the highest level of evidence available whether a rising aging population leads to increased workload and pressure to hospital bedside workers such as respiratory therapists and nurses pointing out to understaffing of these healthcare workers in hospitals?
The table below helps in determining the words and phrases that correspond to the PPAARE components and that will help in searching the evidence-based resources with information on the issue.
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Searching Evidence-Based Resources |
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| Search Words or Phrases Corresponding to PPAARE Components | Alternative Words or Phrases for Search Words | Search Words or Phrases to be Excluded from Search | |
| Problem |
Understaffing Hospital bedside workers Aging population Population growth Nurses Workload Low quality of service Nurse absenteeism |
Low number of beside workers Caregivers on the bedside Older population Rising population Therapists Amount of work Low service quality Absenteeism due to stress |
Low number of beside workers Older population Rising population |
| Patient/Population |
Hospital bedside workers Therapists Nurses Healthcare workers |
Caregivers in hospital wards Nurses Therapists Hospital workers |
Caregivers in hospital wards Hospital workers |
| Action |
Electronic scheduling systems Assignment scheduling Staffing Electronic human resource management Duty roaster |
Electronic task allocation systems Task allocation in hospitals Employee recruitment Human resource information management system Duty timetable |
Human resource information management system Duty timetable |
| Alternative (may not apply) |
Number of patients per worker Patients attended per week Patient attendance Patient care Nurses workload |
Hospital workers workload Weekly number of patients attended Patient care Nursing care Amount of work to nurses |
Weekly number of patients attended Nursing care Amount of work to nurses |
| Result |
Nurses’ heavy workload Reduction of workload Workload and stress levels High stress levels Service quality Improving nursing service quality Low nurse productivity |
Heavy workload on nurses Lower workload Relation between amount of work and worker stress Quality of services Enhancing nursing services Low nurse performance |
Reduction of workload Low nurse performance |
