Introduction
The aspect of racism motivates studies concerning the use of excess and deadly force on people of different races by the police. There are ways in which the police in the United States tend to view individual from people of color as potential predators whose acts are often associated with brutality ( Fryer, 2019). Police and other authorities charged with the responsibility of maintaining law and order are more likely to view people belonging to a particular race as a threat to peace and tranquility ( Ford & Harawa, 2016). As such, they feel as though they are justified to disproportionately use deadly and excessive force while handling people from these races. A significant disparity exists between the people of color and Caucasians when it comes to using excessive and deadly forces by authorities in the United States.
Definitions or Operationalization of Key Variables
Excessive and deadly force may be described as situations where officials of government authorities in the United States handle suspects and other members of the public using a level of force that exceeds the acceptable amount necessary in protecting others or themselves from harm as well as diffusing an incident. Using excessive and deadly force may come up in various contexts, including police brutality. Race refers to an individual's self-identity concerning a particular social group. An individual may be identified as Black, White, Asian, Caucasian, and Asian Indian, among others. The Caucasian race refers to grouping humans which include modern and ancient populations from the Horn of Africa, North Africa, Europe, Central Asia, Western Asia, and South Asia.
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People of color refer to non-white people living which specific emphasis on their experience associated with systematic racism such as police brutality (Kargin, 2016).
Identification of Study Population and Sampling Procedures
In studying the disparity existing between people of color and Caucasians in light of excessive and deadly force, the study population will comprise of people living and working in the United States. The sampling procedure to be employed in this study will entail random sampling where every element of the population under consideration will have an equal chance and possibility of occurring. In this particular procedure of sampling, computer software and the TI82 calculator will be used to generate random lists and numbers to facilitate the random sampling process.
Justification of Case Studies selected
The selected case of use of excessive and deadly force among people of color and Caucasians in the United States is justified because police brutality has regained a significant concern for most human rights crusaders over the last couple of decades. To that extent, it is critical for policing scholar to think about highlighting and exploring a broader range of policy issues that will help in eliminating the disparity existing between people of different races among people of color and the Caucasians concerning the use of excessive and deadly force.
Data Collection Methods: Planned or Secondary Data to be utilized
The planned data collection methods for this study will involve both primary and secondary sources. In the use of primary sources, data, and information will be gathered randomly from individuals among the target population. In the use of secondary sources, data will be obtained through a systematic review of publications regarding police brutality as well as the use of excessive and deadly force among people of color and the Caucasians in the United States in peer-reviewed outlets.
Analytic Methods to be Employed
In this study, analytic methods for the data collected will involve both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Qualitative techniques will be used in analyzing the data and information gathered through primary sources, while qualitative approaches will be used in the analysis off the data collected through secondary sources. The software package to be employed in data analysis for this study will comprise of SPSS and Ms. Excel. Statistical procedures to be used for individual hypothesis tests will involve the incorporation of a statistical inference approach that will use the findings obtained from the sample to draw a conclusion.
References
Ford, C. L., & Harawa, N. T. (2016). A new conceptualization of ethnicity for social
epidemiologic and health equity research. Social science & medicine (1982) , 71 (2),
251–258. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.008
Fryer, R. (2019). An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force.
Journal Of Political Economy , 127 (3), 1210-1261. doi: 10.1086/701423
Kargin, V. (2016). Police Use Of Excessive Force: A Case Study Of Lethal (Deadly) Force.
European Scientific Journal, ESJ , 12 (1), 488. doi: 10.19044/esj.2016.v12n1p488
