Historians saw the past of colonial America as an experience of the expected advancement of freedom that led to the formation of America. Everyone wanted to have a clear view of their origin and made effort to represent this reality through stories, which could make sense. Before, the local North American culture was similar in composition when it came to their activities and actions of influence. They culture indicated how people came to being, how they purchased devices, exchanged traditions, and why people needed to portray themselves in certain ways. The colonies that later formed America were initially colonized by the Great Britain. During the period of constituting America, the people of these colonies had started disliking the British rule with some showing weary feelings 1 . Rebellion and dissatisfaction was common. The major reason the colonies began resisting England was because of the taxation concern. The colonies questioned the legality of imposition of tax by England, especially the idea that they were being taxed without representation. Colonial America emerged from, the grouping, confrontation, and coming together of European speculations and American social, environmental, and cultural circumstances, and as both linked to but not different from the European cultural backgrounds that channeled individuals to American shores.
Emergence of colonial America because of Combination, Confrontation, and Coming Together of European Speculations and American social, Environmental and Cultural Circumstances
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Collision was one of the major aspects that steered the movement of people who decided to challenge the authorities. In British America, the citizens had not embraced the idea of taxation without authority from their representative 2 .This was one of the reasons that initiated the Revolutionary War. The Revenue Act of 1764 questioned the legitimacy of the constitutional support of the king to subject the colonies into taxation. To have a good chance of imposing taxes on their growing commerce, King Charles II and the Duke of York decided to have a stronger crown over the English colonies 3 . Ultimately, this became a beginning point for the enormous collisions that eventually seized the American colonies, especially Europeans and those from England , with the cause of disagreement being 'taxation without representation’, which appealed to several people to the aspect of the American nationalists against their mother nation.
The geographic expansion of Europe also led to the formation of colonial America. The. Geographic expansion entailed more of acquisition and exploration of physical land, which was orchestrated by European nations as commercial places expanded. This was made possible through the navigational and ship-making approaches that were developed day by day. After navigating for some time, the Europeans bumped into the land of America even though their target nations were countries like China, Japan, and India. They started by allowing imports of the North American crops. This increased the European populace in North America rapidly.
In December of 1774, the occupants of America structured the frameworks of radical movement of residents. An assembly of the European colonies was formed to organize and regulate the revolutionary organization. The war on revolution between the British and Americans began in April 1775. This was after the realization that only force could work because of failed verbal negotiations and reluctance in accepting ideas from either sides. Both sides felt that they could make decisions for their regions by use of force, which divided the empire. In April 1775, the Lexington war, which went to record as the first battle that people shed blood to achieve America’s sovereignty, happened. Subsequently, it paved way for the war of Concord The revolution of America at that time had its first initiators who sacrificed their lives. The two wars, Lexington and Concord, was the definition of the spirit of American loyalty and partisanship all over the colonies. The backing up of the revolutionary period happened at a time when it was evident that King George III did not show a clue of allowing merchants.
Besides the revolutionary movement, several regions of varied ethnic cultural backgrounds as well as the ones that never experienced the war came together. People from the central colonies did not see the need for a revolution in the government framework; specifically they did not support war and violence. Quakers and Christians, as well as some specific religions and businesspersons from the middle colonies were opposed to the revolution. This also included some dissatisfied agriculturalists and frontiersmen of the Southern colonies who condemned the use of violence and in its place thought of peaceful alternatives. Most of them through desperation decided to practice agriculture for food security, as they believed the abundance of goods was more important than fear of eternal life 4 .They felt that they could discuss and compromise some of their intentions in favor of other group as a better alternative. On the other hand, loyalists garnered a lot of support for a violent revolution from a few influential professional class, particularly lawyers, farmers and some merchants.
The European Cultures that Sent People to American Shores
The Atlantic Ocean was the central and instrumental region that brought together many populations that created the North America. According to Lipman 5 , New England and New Netherlands had overlapping maritime zones with a history of fights, which occurred due to uncertainty of the maritime boundaries. The Saltwater Frontier gave a perspective of the introduction and interaction of the English, the Dutch and many Native nations that stayed at the Atlantic Coast. Natives were the link between the two European regions, as they were in charge of the coast as late as 1630 before even the Anglo-territorial and commercial trade gave way for war. This shoreline later developed into a region of violence, where blood was shed with the English leading the Pequot war while the Dutch engaging in the Kieft’s war 6 . These amalgamations of various identities led to the creation of America as a nation
America was a composite of diverse racial and cultural groups. Europeans, Africans and Indian came together from different regions as an array of different ethnicities and cultures, and consequently synchronized their positions to have a new identity as Americans, constituting and redefining the new world and the old for all the people. The high and consumer cultures were a representation of an English model, which forced most of the populations especially Africans, Germans and Scotts to assimilate swiftly and quickly with the English culture. 7 The cultural interactions that happened at the Atlantic region/American shores led to extension of geographic boundaries that formed the colonial America. According to Equiano 8 , despite the meeting of different groups of people during excursions and while trading, most people still managed to maintain the culture that the land defined The excursions and trading also allowed blending of people that led to the traditional colonial America that brought together diverse groups. This defined the uniqueness of America through the blend of various European cultures, animals and people who radically interacted to form a national story.
The culture of slavery also played a major part in the formation of colonial America. The massive tracts of land discovered by most colonizers needed exploitation. This was difficult because labor, which was the easiest way to exploit the land, was not readily available. Most colonizers sort slaves as far as Jamaica who provided labor, which Europeans and the Native Americans could not. When ships docked on the shorelines, some slaves were traded and they eventually settled as servants. As the slaves decreased due to incidences like deaths or sicknesses, more were ordered to fill the spaces that left vacant especially by the dead 9 . The movement of slaves from one country to another led the emergence of colonial America
Americans decided to condemn any loyalty to the British Empire after they felt contaminated under the British authority. The Indians, through their leader, Tackapousha, preferred pledging their loyalty to the Dutch rather than pledging to the English 10 Thomas Paine had written a brochure on “Common Sense”, which greatly mobilized Americans to fight for their independence. Through exposure, the people at the American shores attracted many colonies who came and influenced them. As the revolution movement intensified, all noble authorities were exiled, and loyalists substituted British governorship within the colonies by temporary administrations. The Congress eventually gathered and inspired the formation of the Declaration of Independence from Britain. The initial document pushed to unite the people of all the colonies into the American nation was the Articles of Confederation. Even though the Article did not bring total sovereignty, Americans had to start somewhere. Consequently, the Articles were disregarded and the Federal Constitution was done in 1787. The federal constitution still acts as the foundational law on the American people.
In conclusion, several historical outbreaks of violence occurred due to revolutions, which were reactions to increased suppression or unexpected strains from government against the citizens. The American Revolutionary period is an instance of this. The force experienced was by way of the war on revolution with the Congress acting as the authority. The refusal by European colonies to grant Americans their desire for representation led to the resistance of the colonizers. They eventually emerged victors, constituting the republic. What looked like protecting the British Americans gave way to independence and people’s rights that matched to what the Englishmen loved in the homeland that rapidly turned to the 1775-78 fight for political sovereignty. The revolutionary was also a result of colonial pressure to parliament’s authority to make laws. Considering that the nation’s requests could not be fulfilled, the nation became sovereign and independent from interference of the mother England. That was the birth of the United States born.
Bibliography
Equiano, Olaudah. The interesting narrative and other writings .Penguin, 2003.
Lipman, Andrew. The Saltwater Frontier: Indians and the Contest for the American Coast . Yale University Press, 2015.
Taylor, Alan. American Colonies: The Settling of North America (The Penguin History of the United States, Volume 1) . Penguin, 2002.
1 Taylor, Alan. American Colonies: The Settling of North America (The Penguin History of the United States, Volume 1) . Penguin, 2002, Pp. 340
2 Taylor, Alan. American Colonies: The Settling of North America (The Penguin History of the United States, Volume 1) . Penguin, 2002, Pp. 123
3 Taylor, Alan. American Colonies: The Settling of North America (The Penguin History of the United States, Volume 1) . Penguin, 2002, Pp. 211
4 Taylor, Alan. American Colonies: The Settling of North America (The Penguin History of the United States, Volume 1) . Penguin, 2002, Pp. 318
5 Lipman, Andrew. The Saltwater Frontier: Indians and the Contest for the American Coast . Yale University Press, 2015, Pp. 123
6 Lipman, Andrew. The Saltwater Frontier: Indians and the Contest for the American Coast . Yale University Press, 2015, Pp. 127
7 Taylor, Alan. American Colonies: The Settling of North America (The Penguin History of the United States, Volume 1) . Penguin, 2002, Pp. 243
8 Equiano, Olaudah. The interesting narrative and other writings .Penguin, 2003, Pp. 163-174
9 Equiano, Olaudah. The interesting narrative and other writings .Penguin, 2003, Pp. 72
10 Lipman, Andrew. The Saltwater Frontier: Indians and the Contest for the American Coast . Yale University Press, 2015, Pp. 188
