The electron has the ability to shift across the orbitals and thus move across the orbitals and bouncing from one atom to another, therefore contributing to the process of forming ions (LaRoche, 2018). The atoms give the electrons to other atoms, thereby forming ions that are positively charged, known as cations. Atoms that takes additional electrons from other atoms form ions that are charged negatively, otherwise known as anions.
The Cation (positively charged ion) is created and established from the metal atoms such as; sodium, gold, and silver, thus accounting for two-thirds of the periodic table. In contrast, the anions (negatively charged ions) are formed from elements on the periodic table that are non-metal, such as; carbon, oxygen, and Sulphur.
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The Ionic bonding refers to attractions between positively- and negatively-charged ions. The ions that are charged positively attract each other, thereby forming ionic networks. The chemical reaction of metals and non-metals results in the formation of ionic bonds.
The war of Currents: AC vs. DC.
Alternating current refers to the movement of electric charge that periodically reverses its directions. The alternating current defines the flow of charge that periodically changes its path. On the other hand, Direct Current refers to the movement of electric charge in a similar direction (Lantero, 2014). Today, the alternating currents mainly power our electricity, while the direct current is used to power our computers, LEDs, and solar cells. There are also methods that are present which convert the direct currents to voltages that are high or low. The stability of direct current has enabled companies to find means of utilizing high voltage direct current (HVDC) to convey electricity for a lengthy distance.
Alternating current is mostly used as compared to the direct current because the direct current supplies zero frequency and therefore it has no skin effect (an action that alternates currents flowing through the surface such as the external layer of a conductor instead of the wire’s core) in circuits of the direct current. The alternating current resistance is more in AC circuits than the direct currents in DC circuits due to the skin effects.
References
Lantero, A. (2014). The War of the Currents: AC vs. DC Power . Energy.gov. Retrieved 4 December 2020, from https://www.energy.gov/articles/war-currents-ac-vs-dc-power .
LaRoche, C. (2018). List of Positive & Negative Ions . Sciencing. Retrieved 4 December 2020, from https://sciencing.com/list-positive-negative-ions-7159393.html .
