Purpose of the research
The purpose of this research was to examine the broad topic of teenage pregnancy with specific focus on the effects of maternal childbearing among adolescent as well as the effect of elder sister’s pregnancy as a teenager on their younger sisters. The study also aimed at determining the level of predictability associated with a teenage girl having an elder sister who experienced teenage pregnancy before or a mother who became pregnant while she was still a teenager. Risk factors contributing to teenage pregnancies are associated with various aspects such as the family history with regard to teenage pregnancy (Wall-Wieler et al., 2016).
Hypothesis
Cases of teenage pregnancy have the tendency of being common in teenage girls whose elder sisters have once experienced teenage pregnancy or whose mothers became pregnant while they were teenagers.
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Data and methods
This study adopted the application of linkable information and data from administrative databases mainly kept at Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, MCHP. In this regard, the primary cohort comprised of 17,115 young women who were born within the duration from 1 April in the year 1979 to 31 March the year 1994 in Manitoba. In addition, the women under consideration in this study were the ones who managed to stay in Manitoba until they were at least twenty years of age. Further, the women were expected to have one or more elder sisters. The techniques used in the study involved the adoption of a propensity matching score of (1:2) in the creation of a balanced state of cohorts. The score was also used in arriving at a balance between two different regression models of conditional logistic. One of the models was used in the examination of the effects teenage pregnancy experienced by an elder sister on the case of a teenage pregnancy being studied. The other model was involved in the analysis of the impact of mother’s teenage pregnancy on the case of teenage pregnancy under investigation by the study (Wall-Wieler et al., 2016).
Results
The outcomes of this study indicated that the odds of teenagers becoming pregnant at ages between fourteen years and nineteen years with one or more elders sisters having experienced teenage pregnancies before had a (CI 2.8–4.1) 3.4 times higher likelihood than those whose elder sister or sisters did not experience teenage pregnancy. Additionally, teenage girls born to mothers who experienced childbearing before they were twenty years of age had a (CI 1.3 –1.9) 1.6 times higher likelihood of pregnancy odds than those born to mothers whose first pregnancies were experienced after they were twenty years of age. The adjustment of academic achievement was done with regard to the population of young women used in the examination of pregnancy odds in teenagers aged between sixteen and nineteen years. The results obtained after the adjustment revealed that cases of teenage pregnancy in teenagers having one or more elder sister who have ever experienced teenage pregnancies went down to (CI 2.0–3.1) 3.5 whereas the pregnancy odds for teenager whose mothers became pregnant at teenage went down to (CI 1.2–1.7) 1.4 (Wall-Wieler et al., 2016).
Conclusion
There was a considerable influence of the relationship between cases of teenage pregnancy and the teenage pregnancy of an elder sister on the teenage pregnancy under investigation. Similarly, mothers’ cases of teenage pregnancies considerable influenced the likelihood of their daughters becoming pregnant at teenage.
Opinion of the article/research
The research is relevant and important in the sense that its areas of focus play a critical role in aiding sociologists to understand some of the root causes of rampant pregnancies among teenagers. Moreover, the outcomes of this study are vital for consideration and adoption when it comes to making key decisions on ways of controlling cases of teenage pregnancies among young women.
Research Article 2
Factors associated with teenage pregnancy in the European Union countries: a systematic review
Purpose of the research
The purpose of this study was to come up with a systematic review of the factors linked to cases of teenage pregnancy in countries within the European Union. Its primary focus involved a review of studies from the contemporary member states of the European Union over the last one decade with the aim of identifying the protective factors or possible risks in relation to incidences of pregnancy among teenagers.
Hypothesis
The rampant cases of teenage pregnancies among twenty-five member states within the European Union are attributable to various possible risk factors.
Data and methods
The methods adopted in the collection of data for this study involved the conduction of electronic searches that were carried out using EMBASE, MEDLINE, Social Science Citation Index and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts. The above techniques were used in the identification of the potential studies with the relevant information and data. The performance of the electronic searches in this study involved three facets namely pregnancy, teenagers, and European Union countries. Various factors that are linked to incidences of teenage pregnancies were explored including psychological, social, socio-demographic and economic variables. The only studies that were included in this review and analysis were the ones that presented desirable forms of statistical comparisons between different variables. The measure of the fundamental outcome was teenage pregnancy and sections of study, assessment of quality as well as extraction of data were performed in the course of the review (Imamura et al., 2007).
Results
In the results in this study involved the outcome of screening of more than 4000 abstracts and the examination of 266 complete records with regard to their relevance and meeting the criteria for inclusion in the study. Among the studies that were considered, twelve were carried out in the United Kingdom, one done in Hungary and seven performed Nordic nations. The outcome in relation to the qualities of the methodological approaches adopted demonstrated significant variations. In addition, there were considerable variations with regard to the different settings where studies about teenage pregnancies were conducted within the European Union member states. The differences in settings were evident through representation and characteristic of populations, the age groups targeted as well as the techniques used in collecting and analyzing data. Some of the contributing factors associated with cases of pregnancies among teenagers were explore and analyzed in just one or two studies. Notably, there was also a significant variation in relation to the manner in which different out variables were defined and described. As such, the examination of possible variations across different countries within the European Union was effectively undertaken among the various subgroups of teenagers in relations to incidences of pregnancies (Imamura et al., 2007).
Conclusion
Some of the contributing factors that appeared to be consistently associated with cases of teenage pregnancies among most of the member states of European Union included insufficient education, disruptions affecting family structures as well as socio-economic disadvantages. In addition, factors associated with compromising health status and lifestyles were cited as having the ability to lead to cases of teenage pregnancies. Studies revealed that high incidences of teenage pregnancies in countries within the European Union were also linked to careless sexual behaviors among teenagers such as high levels of sexual activity and failure to use contraceptives among others.
Opinion of the article/research
This research is crucial in relation to the critical role it plays in informing members of the society around the globe about factors contributing to cases of teenage pregnancies within the contemporary European Union countries. Additionally, it presents reliable outcomes regarding a review of various studies conducted in different regions with the European Union on incidences teenage pregnancies and their significance.
References
Imamura, M., Tucker, J., Hannaford, P., Silva, M., Astin, M., Wyness, L., & Bloemenkamp,
K.M. (2007). Factors associated with teenage pregnancy in the European Union
countries: a systematic review. European Journal of Public Health, 17 (6). Retrieved
from https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckm014
Wall-Wieler, E., Roos, L., & Nickel, N. C. (2016). Teenage pregnancy: the impact of
maternal adolescent childbearing and older sister’s teenage pregnancy on a younger
sister. Research Article of BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16 (120). Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-0911-2
