Leadership is defined as the process where there exists an interactive influence that happens at a point when, in a specific concept, some individuals accept an individual as their sole leader to attain a common objective (Silva, 2016). Leadership is further defined in another instance as the ability of a specific group of people or person to guide and influence the followers or a particular group of individuals. The word leadership is extracted from the root word leader. A leader is defined as an individual who energizes, unifies, and marshals a group of individuals towards a shared vision or goal (Bekker, 2015). The responsibility of leadership is employed within the broad definition of the capacity of leadership, which means purposeful, reciprocal learning in the community. This further factors in the skillful participation which is the skills, knowledge, and understanding that the participants incorporate or engage in purposeful learning (McCleskey, 2014). Management is defined as the art and science of consolidating people to achieve a common objective and desired goals and marshaling every resource that is available effectively and efficiently ( IEduNote.com., 2019 ). IEduNote.com. (2019 ), defines management as all the tasks and activities that are executed to attain an objective through continuous activities that include organizing, controlling, planning, and leading. Hence it is a process of leading decision making, motivation, and organization and managing the human resources, physical, information, and financial support of a given specific organization to attain their objective efficiently and effectively ( IEduNote.com., 2019 ). Taking a look at management in the administrative angle, it is a system of authority. Withal, management is connected with productivity, and hence, it means effectiveness and efficiency. These factors of productivity include labor, land, capital, equipment, etc. nevertheless, management has to be alert in achieving the goals of the parties that are interested. Management is purposeful; it handles specific issues that are expressed as an objective or a goal. The end of a period measures the success of governance through the goals that have been attained successfully (Roele, 2018). The organization is the process where grouping and identifying work to be executed, delegating, and authority and responsibility and establishing relationships to enable the individual to perform their duties more effectively as one man in achieving a common goal. It is a structural framework of duties and responsibilities in executing various responsibilities within an institution or a company. It is a vital blueprint for activities that resonate with the mechanism for executing forth responsibilities set in place by the management of the institution. In other words, the organization is viewed by the authors as points of coordinating diverse individuals in the industry or business. The modern management stage began to form the year 1960 to the present time (Roele, 2018). From the period as mentioned earlier, the thought of management has been continuously turning in away from the relationship ideas that seem extreme to humans in specific regarding the one on one relationship between productivity and morale. The present thinking on management wishes emphasis on both machine and man. The pressing need for the study on management was realized after the twentieth century and, subsequently, the study of management as an independent discipline. The demand was a result of the fact that the practice of management did not exist until people took business as an occupation. There was further a wrongly perceived notion on the concept of management that managers are born with the ability and not made. This theory was birthed forth as responsibility in viewing management not merely as art by sociologists, economists, and psychologists but as a science. The main reason why the management theory has taken shape in the past eight decades is because of the labor unrest within the trade unions, industries, attacks by the government, and the constant manipulation of resources (Roele, 2018). These factors coursed the management to go back to the drawing board and look into the very nature of their jobs. Also, there were other issues like the perpetual environmental change in the commercial sector, regional integration, heightened business activities complexities, and strategic alliances, and further, the growing competition has also provided a room for the management theory to be established. The management theory evolvement assists the managers in being aware of the diverse ideas, scientific underpinning, and much different insight that have passed through the establishment of the management of the modern-day and the persuasive writing on the management presently. Sociologists, philosophers, and other organizations that are attached to criminology saw the need for forming a centralized police force to maintain order and offer protection to their citizens (Roele, 2018). There was a need for effective management to see to it that all these are effectively achieved. The police service has endeavored to shift from their traditional form of the artisan to one specific role of the status of professionals through effective leadership. The need for leadership and management in a modern police service becomes inevitable in this modern age. The need for management is not only essential to the hierarchical structure of the institution but for the officers on a personal account (Kavanagh, 2014). Well run prisons are not achieved through good lawsuits, good laws, or ethical philosophy though they are of essence within the institution. Devoid of proper management, there is little chance to create much and less constructive prison operations and environments.
We are living in the late modern civilization. In this age, humanity has embraced the ideas that are attached to enlighten. In this period, there is extended democracy, human rights, advance science, and also has offered sufficient social welfare to continue with production (Kavanagh, 2014).
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References
Bekker, M. C. (2015). Project Governance–the definition and leaders
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IEduNote.com. (2019). What is Management? Definition, Features (Explained) . IEduNote.com. https://iedunote.com/management
Kavanagh, D. (2014). Talking Organization. Organization Management Journal , 11 (1), 3-3. doi: 10.1080/15416518.2014.907731
McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly , 5 (4), 117.
Roele, I. (2018). Policing Critique. The Modern Law Review , 81 (4), 701-721. doi: 10.1111/1468-2230.12358
Silva, A. (2016). What is leadership? Journal of Business Studies Quarterly , 8 (1), 1.
