The discussion by Nathaniel Valenti focuses on the philosophy of libertarianism. The definition of libertarianism is accurately identified as decisions made about one’s possessions should be done so by considering the effects that it has on ecosystems where they exist. The division of libertarianism into green libertarianism and analytic libertarianism is also accurate. The difference between the two is identified where green libertarianism focuses on the use natural resources in a way that does not interfere with the needs of others while analytic libertarianism focuses on economic decisions. However, the response could have also expounded on analytic libertarianism as it is a framework that focuses on the scope and role of government activity (Hill, 2015).
The discussion based on the theory of utilitarianism critically and accurately explored the ethical principle. It was identified that utilitarianism is an ethical principle that focuses on making decisions that would be beneficial for the largest number of people. The historical perspective of utilitarianism was also explored where it was first theorized by Jeremy Bentham who focused on right action for governments and further developed by John Stuart Mill who observed on the theory involving benefits for the largest number of people (Mulgan, 2018). The discussion further critically analyzed how the concept of utilitarianism is applied today in governments where social policies and law are usually based on realizing benefits for the largest population.
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The discussion on moral relativism clearly defined the principle and then explored some of the advantages and disadvantages of the theory in society. Moral relativism was identified as a theory where the determination of morally correct factors cannot be objective but should vary from one culture to another (Harman, 2015). One of the benefits of such a theory is that it puts into consideration cultural factors when deciding whether something is right or wrong. However, the disadvantage of such a practice is that it can promote inhumane practices such as slavery, sexual violence, and circumcision based on the perception of being culturally objective.
References
Harman, G. (2015). Moral relativism is moral realism. Philosophical Studies , 172 (4), 855-863.
Hill, J. P. (2015). Analytic Libertarianism. Perspectives on Political Science , 44 (2), 77–86. https://doi-org.libproxy.chapman.edu/10.1080/10457097.2015.1011451
Mulgan, T. (2018). The Happiness Philosophers: The Lives and Works of the Great Utilitarians by Bart Schultz. Journal of the History of Philosophy , 56 (1), 179-180.
