Volition was utilized in deciding Mutende’s chosen intervention, thereby enabling an understanding of how Mutende is inspired and selects his conduct. Such efforts involve focusing on the sturdiness and shortcomings around Mutende's interests, values, and personal causation. Newberry and Terrington (2012) affirm that adverse events emerging in the course of therapy, and inadequate support systems can affect the will to undergo treatment. Because of the ominous signs of psychosis, social detachment, and diminished attentiveness, Mutende is not driven to participate in significant pursuits. According to Hitch et al. (2013), the development of psychosis can influence one's capacity to make a meaningful contribution to their occupation, particularly in advanced stages. Reconnecting with activities such as basketball will restore Mutende's diminished concentration. Some models suggest that an individual's conviction regarding their efficacy in a particular profession affects their decision-making capacity ( Robinson et al. (2016). The recollection of memory through narrative reasoning allowed Mutende to delight in basketball. The basis and outcome of motivation are fostered by taking part in productive employment ( Smallfield and Molitor, 2018). The idea behind volition is that individuals are inherently determined to have a positive impact on work and that this aspiration is generated by initial occupational encounters ( Robinson et al. 2016).
The intervention can support treatment by rekindling previous cheerful emotions, gratification, and improving one's sense of worth to offset existing apathy and decreased enthusiasm ( Blank et al. 2015). Remaining optimistic regarding one’s ability has shown to have a positive effect on confidence emanating from earlier experiences. Cullen and McCann (2014) suggest that meaningful occupation through activities such as basketball can offer a sense of purpose to the individual, thus alleviating the symptoms of psychosis. Mutende hails from a close-knit African-Caribbean family where social support and friendship are valued.
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Given that basketball entails teamwork, the chosen intervention will facilitate connection and boost Mutende's self-esteem levels. Additionally, his participation in a team sports will boost his overall confidence through weight loss (Cullen and McCann 2014). Also, the selected approach will refine Mutende's current abilities and bolster his self-belief. In cases where an individual feels desperate and stagnated, there is a likelihood of damaging experience. Nevertheless, purposeful occupation presents increased self-esteem and positivity.
The concept of habituation is guided by behaviors that determine one's daily interactions through repetitive activities ( Newberry and Terrington, 2017). Presently, Mutende's life is malfunctioning, and he has disconnected himself from the healthy continuation of the occupation. Makdisi et al. (2013) insist that constraints to habituation because of ailment can contribute to withdrawal and inconsistency among the affected persons. Consequently, as explained by Cullen and McCann (2014), an occupational therapist uses the selected regimen to re-establish previously disregarded habits and responsibilities that provide regular engagement in life occupations. The condition has harmed Mutende's roles as a son, student, an active member of African society, church member, and teammate. Playing basketball will allow Mutende to reunite with his fundamental occupational roles, offering normalcy necessary in reinforcing productivity.
Some people may be hesitant in reconnecting with past activities, mainly if they were the underlying causes of the disorder ( Makdisi et al. 2013). Also, the anxiety of worsening of the condition can impede engagement (Cook & Chambers 2009). Nonetheless, past experiences with that deed can support active participation in occupation by arousing previous routines before developing the mental health problem (Brown 2011). Taking part in basketball enhances stability and fosters social support in activities he previously relished.
The most predominant element of an individual's identity is his or her mental wellbeing ( Duncan 2011). P sychosis is a predicament that significantly affects human life. People’s occupational participation plays a critical role in establishing their specialist identity (Brown 2011); hence, playing basketball distinguished Mutende's work life. Engagement in basketball was a vital aspect of Mutende's previous life, and this intervention provided a renewed pre-disorder identity. Mainly, past recollections on the sport were formidably linked with satisfaction and high levels of self-esteem. According to Carless and Douglas (2008), social networks can be maintained by engaging in sports to facilitate reintegration and speedy recuperation. The identified remedial procedure can reinstate any deficiency in Mutende's identity. As asserted by Bryant et al., (2014) clinical reasoning is directly linked with adopting MOHO's beliefs in establishing the patient's needs and informing decisions regarding the remedial program .
The use of scientific, narrative, and interacting reasoning rationalized the selected intervention. In the United Kingdom, the rates of patient hospitalization are higher among minority communities ( Lee et al. 2011). Specifically, individuals of the African or Caribbean descent reported a three times higher likelihood of being admitted in hospital than the national average ( Lee et al. 2011). Persons that manifest psychosis have more issues in executing their occupational functions than those without the disorder (Lee et al. 2011). Scientific reasoning entails employing clinical findings, and the prognosis of the condition as a guiding framework ( Bryant et al. 2014). The strategy enables the therapist to examine Mutende’s mental injuries, likely underlying factors of condition, and how it affects his occupational performance. Using the medical model of disability, the therapist can assess Mutende’s mental status concerning biotic and psychological systems necessitating clinical intervention ( Robinson et al. 2016). Consequently, the psychotherapist aims to understand how the manifestations of the disorder considerably affect Mutende’s proficiency in occupations.
Psychosis is described as a person’s distinctive encounter (Lee et al. 2011). Through narrative reasoning, a therapist can understand the implication of limitation and bearing on occupational participation, hence functioning in a patient-centric fashion ( Duncan 2011). Information was collected regarding Mutende’s pre-illness state, his present life, and foreseen outlook. The therapist exhibited compassionate listening in a deliberate attempt to agree on the client’s aspirations and priorities concerning the productive occupation. The chosen intervention endorsed Mutende’s historical and present passion for basketball. Mutende discloses past experiences in sports, a central element in strengthening his overall self-confidence. The narrations by Mutende reveal issues around his integration into communal activities through sports. Additionally, the stories show how he relates and identifies with different people and his integration efforts into the general population. The preferred remedial approach models Mutende's social accounts and introduces the possibility of recovery (Lee et al. 2011).
Interactive reasoning enables the therapist to create a beneficial relationship with the patient, thus allowing cooperation ( Bryant et al. 2014). According to Newberry and Terrington (2010), a therapeutic relationship can be complicated and time-intensive. However, the therapeutic bond with Mutende cultivated trust and facilitated an open and candid conversation. Through interaction, it is clear that playing basketball allows him to maintain a harmonious relationship with his friends and teammates. The therapist used interactive reasoning to gain insight into Mutende’s viewpoint regarding his technical ability.
Moreover, Mutende’s; psychological state, attention span, and communication skills were evaluated. Cook and Chambers (2009) observe that the patient’s knowledge relating to their experiences of becoming a mental case is essential in recommending the appropriate course of action. Accordingly, by using clinical reasoning, Mutende’s occupational needs were pinpointed with a focus on his story-telling abilities and engagement in basketball.
Occupational therapy interventions are based on the Frames of reference (FOR), which provide the basis for clinical intervention ( Robinson et al. 2016). As explained by Bryant et al., (2014), the Cognitive behavioral frame of reference (FOR) was established by Aaron Beck . The FOR framework can be utilized for better understanding of occupational engagement among individuals by encompassing both behavioral and cognitive perspectives. According to Bryant et al., (2014), the FOR model presents effective strategies that are used in treating anxiety as well as eliminating occupational productivity constraints. The focus when using the FOR tool is on changing negative feelings and confronting related habits. Duncan (2011) asserts that this approach is valuable when tackling issues associated with motivation and emotion.
The FOR model allowed the therapist to analyze Mutende's previous performances and current issues to comprehend the influence of psychosis on professional productivity ( Robinson et al. 2016). Findings from this inquiry revealed that he portrays withdrawal from activities he previously enjoyed. Currently, he prioritizes purposeful occupation to elevate the quality of his life. In the past, his engagement was curtailed by emotional dysfunction. About his academic achievement and prospects, he considers his low sense of self-worth as an issue that will hinder his progress.
Participating in basketball offers Mutende a platform where he can release negative energy and grow his self-confidence. Bryant et al., (2014) explain that the remedial strategy replaces the negative feelings with a positive atmosphere through active engagement. Because of his present surrounding, necessary transformative action in interpersonal relations and behavior is required to generate enthusiasm through the various social support networks ( Smallfield et al., 2018). The designated strategy facilitates the demonstration of positive feelings. Thus, Mutende's destructive feelings and habits can transform. Psychosis develops during a transition period, such as moving out. The warning signs of the disorder can have an immense impact on the victim ( Brown 2011). Reconnecting with basketball can lessen apprehension by building self-awareness. Therefore, the chosen intervention represents the therapist's adeptness when using the client-centered FOR. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are the main theorists behind client-centered frame of reference ( Duncan 2011). Client-centered FOR utilizes a humanistic approach when handling interpersonal relations. Duncan (2011) asserts that the framework's fundamental tenets include principles of respect, partnership, and empowerment in a client-centric manner . Additionally, autonomy, cooperation, self-worth, self-actualization, contextual congruence, and diversity are fundamental concepts (Duncan 2011). The Royal College of Occupational Therapy's ethical code alleges that services are entrenched in patients' wishes, choices, and aspirations (Duncan 2011 ).
The FOR model strengthens the alternative to playing basketball as it focuses on Mutende’s occupational preference. The approach recognizes Mutende’s desire for self-sufficiency and enables him to make quality choices. Newberry and Terrington (2016) appreciate the existence of challenges in cognizing the intricacies of people’s needs. The intervention expresses a comprehension of Mutende’s functions and desires that are innately inspiring. Hence, playing basketball will boost Mutende’s confidence since the therapist demonstrated a keen interest in his individual needs.
Occupational science plays a critical role in occupational therapy as it addresses a wide range of issues in occupational engagement ( Cullen and McCann 2014). Occupational disruption is a momentary failure to take part in occupational activities owing to sickness, injury, incidents, and ecological alterations ( Cullen and McCann 2014). The occupational disruption in Mutende’s life has influenced his personality and routine. Cook and Chambers (2009) note that the negative impact on his identity creates feelings of self-doubt . By participating in basketball, Mutende can revive his sense of self-worth.
Occupation disruption affected his functional equilibrium through changes in lifestyle. The chosen intervention would deal with occupational disruption by redesigning Mutende’s life routine. Cook and Chambers (2009) acknowledge that restoring normalcy in his daily activities enabled him to overcome his negative thoughts by creating a sense of stability. The recovery model of disability incorporates self-awareness as a key element in leading an enjoyable life despite the condition ( Cook and Chambers 2009). The therapeutic strategy used in Mutende’s case validates this model of disability by prevailing over occupational disruption.
Research by Newberry and Terrington (2017) indicated that refined psychological welfare and social connection are associated with cultural activities that define a fulfilling life. Active participation in various human activities improves overall health and social stability. Psychosis affects individuals' health by impairing their physical and mental functions ( Hitch et al. 2013). Engaging in sports has shown to have a positive impact in the recuperation process. Participation in these physical activities also significantly improves health and boosts individual wellness levels (Carless & Douglas, 2008).
The relationship between interpersonal interactions and social acceptance justifies the need for meaningful occupation ( Hitch et al. 2013). Mutende's love for sports, mainly basketball, implies that he highly regards the game and considers it his pathway to achieving personal ambitions. Participation in occupation is, by itself, consequential because it is an independent and exceptional experience. This assessment can be understood and expressed by the participant in the occupation ( Brown 2011) ; thus, reconnecting with basketball can enable Mutende to appreciate the meaningfulness of sports in enriching his mental well-being.
A mental health occupational therapist speeds up recovery by actively involving the client in the therapy process ( Cook and Chambers 2009). Historically, OT benefits from the remedial effects of physical activity. In practice, the most suitable intervention is selected based on client-centeredness, expert analysis, and irrefutable evidence. As elucidated by Carless and Douglas 2008), occupational science is essential because it presents the foundation for therapists to comprehend pathologies . The selected intervention appreciates the fact that Mutende is an occupational being who considers sports as a rewarding endeavor. Through the general approach taken by the intervention, Mutende’s engagement in Basketball discloses cultural relevance which is necessary in encouraging recuperation.
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