The replication of the DNA mainly depends on the paring bases of the two strands of DNA. Primarily, the base arrangement of one component of the chromosome matches the other. Cells essentially duplicate the lagging feature in small pieces but can imitate the leading aspect as a single unit ( Fowler, Roush, Wise, OpenStax College, & Rice University, 2013 ). The replication of DNA mainly depends on three main steps which are initiation, elongation, and termination. In the initiation, replication starts on the double helix where the initiator proteins trigger and bind unwinding. The enzyme helicase starts the process of unwinding the double helix primarily through the breaking of the hydrogen bonds that are found in the base pairs ( Garbacz, Lujan, Burkholder, Cox, Wu, Zhou, & Kunkel, 2018 ). On the other hand, the other proteins are responsible for retaining the lone strand from re-joining. Similarly, the protein topoisomerase surrounds the opening stands of the DNA and relaxes the twisting that might cause damage to the unzipping DNA.
Secondly, the elongation step starts with primer as the initial point of the leading strand ( Garbacz, Lujan, Burkholder, Cox, Wu, Zhou, & Kunkel, 2018 ). The process is followed by a new strand of DNA growing from one base at a time. The Enzyme DNA polymerase is the one responsible for controlling elongation that can only occur in the leading direction ( Fowler, Roush, Wise, OpenStax College, & Rice University, 2013 ). Resultantly, the Okazaki fragments have about one thousand to two thousand base bacteria. On the other hand, eukaryotes with nuclei have fragments with one hundred to two hundred bases.
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Thirdly, after the elongation stage is over, termination begins with two double helices having replaced the initial helix. At this stage, the last primer arrangement is eliminated from the end of each lagging strand. Moreover, the last slice of the lagging strand is the telomere section ( Fowler, Roush, Wise, OpenStax College, & Rice University, 2013 ). It mainly contains the repeating non-coding order of bases. Auditability, enzymes nucleases removes mispaired bases and proofreads the new double helix structure.
Reference
Fowler, S., Roush, R., Wise, J., OpenStax College,, & Rice University,. (2013). Concepts of biology . Houston, Texas : OpenStax College, Rice University.
Garbacz, M. A., Lujan, S. A., Burkholder, A. B., Cox, P. B., Wu, Q., Zhou, Z. X., & Kunkel, T. A. (2018). Evidence that DNA polymerase δ contributes to initiating leading strand DNA replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature communications , 9 (1), 858.
