This essay will describe the Chinese traditions challenged during the song dynasty between 960 and 1279, how the practices changed, and the parts which did not change. The song dynasty refers to an era of complex social organization and sophisticated administration in China. During the period, some of the world's largest cities were found in China. The song dynasty era was full of enjoyment; people had access to entertainment and social clubs in the cities. Besides, there were schools and temples where people could get their education and religious services, respectively. The dynasty strongly supported various social welfare programs within the city, including paupers' graveyards, public clinics, and retirements for the Chinese people. The song was considered to be weaker than Tang, the predecessor. The territory was even smaller but had to face alien regimes of Tangut Xixia and Khitan Liao. The regimes issues military threat to the dynasty, but the risks were resolved by silk payment based on the agreement (Memorial on the Crop Loan Measure) .
Even though the song dynasty had brought happiness and enjoyment among the city dwellers, some Chinese traditions had changed, including religious dominance, women's place in society, art and literature, and social life. During the era, there was "Neo-Confucianism," a term used to refer to the Confucianism renaissance; Daoism and Buddhism dominated the Chinese philosophical world. Neo-Confucianism resulted in developing various philosophical schools of thought, including the learning principles (Mind Principle ). Religion was having a more significant effect on Chinese people's beliefs, activities, and lives during this period. The women were becoming more relevant in society; they enjoyed many legal and social privileges compared to what they had in the previous government. Despite the enjoyment, women were still regarded as less powerful in society as compared to men. The people's social lives had also changed significantly; many people participated in vibrant domestic and social life than ever before. The Northern Song dynasty ended in 1127 after Northen China conquered Jurchen Liao. The conquerer drove the song dynasty to Yangzi Valley. According to Yue Fel , the Song empire in southern China culturally and economically vibrant but was eventually defeated by the non-Chinese people (Poem to be Sung to the Tune of Full River Red ).
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References
Yue Fel, Poem to be Sung to the Tune of Full River Red.
Wang Anshi, Memorial on the Crop Loan Measure
Lu Jiuyuan, Mind Principle
