The motor neurons are part of the basic neuro structure and serve the purpose of transmitting messages between the different glands, muscles and body parts to the central nervous system (brain). Their basic structure generally encompasses a body, the axon, axon terminals and dendrites (Lodish, 2008). As stated, the major purpose of neurons is the transmission of messages to the CNS to enable for reaction, whether consciously or sub consciously (Marieb, 2014). Neurons communicate with other cells through synapses (Lodish, 2008), and to each other through axons and dendrites.
(Lodish, 2008)
Structure of Mammalian Neurons
Formation of the Myelin Sheath
The myelin sheath is a part of the neurons and plays the role of conduction in axons (Siegel, 1999). In the formation of the myelin sheath, the axons play the role of transmitting information between neurons and to muscles and glands, which precipitate the formation process. Dendrites are structures that are on the neuron, which play the role of receiving electrical messages either as inhibitory or excitatory messages. The Schwann cells on the other hand are responsible for the formation of myelin, which forms the myelin sheath around axons (Siegel, 1999).
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Superficial and Internal Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
The spinal cord has a shape that is almost cylindrical and is elongated. It is suspended in the spinal column, and is surrounded by the cerebrospinal fluid and the meninges. Internally, it is made up of both white and gray matter (Purves, 2011). The interior parts of the cord are made up of gray matter, which is then surrounded by white matter. Both the white and grey matter are subdivided into ‘dorsal,’ ‘ventral’ and even ‘lateral’ columns depending on the sections of the cord (Purves, 2011). The spinal cord also holds neurons for transmission that are positioned depending on role e.g. neurons and axons processing and relying sensory information are to be found in dorsal (posterior) position.
References
Lodish, H. F. (2008). Molecular cell biology . New York: W.H. Freeman.
Marieb, E. N. (2014). Human anatomy & physiology + lab manual, main version . Place of
publication not identified: Prentice Hall.
Purves, D. (2011). Neuroscience . Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer.
Siegel, G. J. (1999). Basic neurochemistry: Molecular, cellular and medical aspects .
Philadelphia, Pa. [u.a.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
