The Mexican courts are structured based on jurisdiction and authority as provided for under the napoleon code system. Under the Mexican federal judiciary, it is based on a three-tier system, including the Supreme Court, circuit courts, and the district courts. The federal courts have jurisdiction over controversial rulings arising from the state, federal authorities, and treaties. Indeed, depending on the magnitude of cases, the power to preside over is ensured through the Supreme Court, the court of appeal, district courts, magistrate courts, and tribunals.
The highest court in the legal system is the Supreme Court based in Santa Fe, which oversees criminal cases whose punishment is life in prison. The judges are guided by the penal code and penal procedure code, which outlines punishment for criminal matters and their proceedings. Secondly, the court of appeal oversees the civil and non-capital criminal cases. Ideally, they have general jurisdictions for the district courts, including hearing on tort law, property, and domestic relations. Indeed, for the lower courts, they preside over non-serious cases such as traffic violations. Also, the subordinate courts, including municipal, and probate, have no authority for jury presence.
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The Mexican judges have to apply the law as per the codes; thus, they are appliers of law but not creators. The courts are also established not to have precedential value but rely on jurisprudence, which is only confirmed after the Supreme Court and collegiate courts issue consecutive decisions on the law. Still, the Napoleon Code, which is the foundation of civil law as inspired by Roman law allow the courts to apply various law codes in criminal law, property commercial, and family law. For instance, the code of commerce sustains and governs business operations and establishments while the civil code help in reigning over family law, and regulation of personal and real property.
