There is a hidden meaning in the phrase “revolution in thinking” when related to the rapid growth in urban population. Most of the countries experiencing this growth fall under the category of developing countries. A perfect example is Africa and Asia. Revolution in thinking will occur not by excluding people from living in town but solving the problems related to urbanization. According to the UN report, population growth in urban areas cannot be avoided. It is something that is expected to happen shortly. Therefore, people should change their way of thinking towards urbanization. Government and citizens should all view urban growth positively and not negatively.
Strategies that can be incorporated in the revolutionized thinking include but not limited to ensuring good and available health services to everyone in the cities. Secondly, there should be a perfect education system put in place to eliminate the threat of illiteracy in towns ( U.S. Funding for the UN Population Fund, 2002) . Emphasis should be put on women and the girl child who are mostly excluded from the societal affairs. Additionally, there should be ways of improving infrastructure to ensure efficiency in communication and movement from one place to the other. With such revolutions, poverty in urban areas will be controlled easily. The threat of extreme poverty in 2050 will kill the development dream in developing countries if the revolution does not occur in thinking. Pessimism existing in people's mind regarding the devastating future condition of urbanization ought to be replaced by optimism to shape the future of towns and cities.
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Question 2
When it comes low life expectancy, Africa still serves as an example. Population increase in urban centers is associated with factors that primarily contribute to low life expectancy. These factors include famine or rather food shortage. Most third world countries are facing food crisis hence depending on the UN aid to meet their citizens’ demands. However, increased population in this countries is going beyond the UN support leaving a significant percentage of people to struggle with life. On top of that, it becomes hard poor people to meet their daily needs and wants. They end up living with low standards due to lack of basic needs like water, shelter, and clothing. The second factor is the literacy level in a country ( Makuwira, 2010) .If the high percentage of people are not educated, it becomes challenging to implement strategies and solutions to eradicate poverty. Most individuals in the underdeveloped countries are migrating to urban centers with low literacy levels. Their aim is to look for jobs that can sustain their needs. Therefore, they form a society that is not well known with poor decision-making skills.
Another factor leading to low life expectancy in the third world countries happens to be widespread of HIV and AIDS disease in the country. Unhealthy people will always have a low productivity rate. That means there will be low performance causing poverty in the country. Ultimately, corruption that has inhibited developing countries contributes to low life expectancy. In countries where there is corruption, there is stagnant economic growth. Therefore, the issue of corruption must be dealt with to avoid the risk low life expectancy in the urban areas come 2050.
Question 3
Foreign Aid has been helpful to needy countries in solving food crisis and meeting people basic needs. Therefore, many residents have put their hopes in the foreign aid and neglected self-dependency. The rate at which population in the urban areas is growing proves that the support might be unhelpful in solving the future problems ( Makuwira, 2010) . That is the highest number of people will be in a poor state which will result to over dependency on the little aid provided by the UN and other humanitarian organization in the world. Free health services provided by WHO will also turn to be scars as people shall be competing to acquire these services.
The government must be ready to control the risk of overpopulated urban areas to solve such problems. The idea of "revolution in thinking" must occur to minimize the probability of people falling into the trap of poverty. Literacy standards must be kept high enough to ensure that people make material decisions in future. Innovations will also be needed to improve the living conditions of residents. Another way to curb the problem of reduced foreign aid is to ensure there is reduced mismanagement of government funds in the country. That will encourage the growth of infrastructure and development which shall reduce poverty significantly.
Question 4
It is a fact that democracy must not be mutually exclusive with each other. There are countries in Africa that have abandoned democracy and have succeeded in development. A perfect example is Rwanda. Democracy gives people the freedom to act freely in a country and implement their developmental ideas. On the other hand, the development need does not necessarily require people to have freedom. It only needs leaders who are well informed and makes concise decisions that benefit the country as a whole. The only thing to avoid is corruption and mismanagement of public funds. If the government is accountable for every coin that is meant to improve the living standards of people, then the form of governance may not be significant.
Question 5
Despite that African continent is associated with third world country problems, it is also among the states that have an excellent opportunity to develop and solve all its issues. To begin with, the current position of Africa, poverty, famine, low literacy levels, inadequate food supply is among the problems faced every day ( U.S. Funding for the UN Population Fund, 2002) . The government is struggling and spending most of its revenue to deal with such issues instead of focusing on development. However, it was difficult to eradicate poverty in Africa due to the uncontrolled rapid population growth. As a result, most residents tend to move out of the continent to look for greener pastures.
On the other hand, Africa has the potential to develop and become a case example to other developing countries. That is because it is a hub of natural resources that are exploited by developed countries like USA and China for their benefits. If the governing bodies come together and make good use of the resources in Africa, the continent would record high percentage growth in the economy. All that is needed are responsible people who can be trusted with the state resources to make a significant change in the continent.
Reference
Makuwira, J. (2010). Urbanization, urban poverty reduction and non-governmental development organizations'(NGDOs) intervention mechanisms in Malawi. Australasian Review of African Studies, The , 31 (2), 8.
U.S. Funding for the UN Population Fund. (2002). The American Journal Of International Law , 96 (4), 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3070693
